In response to stress, cells must quickly reprogram gene expression to adapt and survive. This is achieved in part by altering levels of mRNAs and their translation into proteins. Recently, the formation of two stress-induced messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) assemblies named stress granules and processing bodies has been postulated to directly impact gene expression during stress. These assemblies sequester and concentrate specific proteins and RNAs away from the larger cytoplasm during stress, thereby providing a layer of posttranscriptional gene regulation with the potential to directly impact mRNA levels, protein translation, and cell survival. The function of these granules has generally been ascribed either by the protein components concentrated into them or, more broadly, by global changes that occur during stress. Recent proteome- and transcriptome-wide studies have provided a more complete view of stress-induced mRNP granule composition in varied cell types and stress conditions. However, direct measurements of the phenotypic and functional consequences of stress granule and processing body formation are lacking. This leaves our understanding of their roles during stress incomplete. Continued study into the function of these granules will be an important part in elucidating how cells respond to and survive stressful environmental changes. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Regulation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.

中文翻译：

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应激诱导的 mRNP 颗粒：加工体和应激颗粒的形式和功能。


为了应对压力，细胞必须快速重新编程基因表达以适应和生存。这部分是通过改变 mRNA 的水平及其翻译成蛋白质来实现的。最近，两种应激诱导的信使核糖核蛋白（mRNP）组装体（称为应激颗粒和加工体）的形成被认为会直接影响应激期间的基因表达。在应激过程中，这些组装体将特定的蛋白质和 RNA 隔离并浓缩，使其远离较大的细胞质，从而提供一层转录后基因调控，有可能直接影响 mRNA 水平、蛋白质翻译和细胞存活。这些颗粒的功能通常归因于其中浓缩的蛋白质成分，或者更广泛地说，归因于应激期间发生的整体变化。最近的蛋白质组和转录组研究为不同细胞类型和应激条件下应激诱导的 mRNP 颗粒组成提供了更完整的视图。然而，缺乏对应激颗粒和加工体形成的表型和功能后果的直接测量。这使得我们对他们在压力期间的角色的理解不完整。对这些颗粒功能的持续研究将成为阐明细胞如何应对应激环境变化并生存的重要组成部分。本文分类如下： 翻译 > 翻译调节 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > RNA-蛋白质复合物 RNA 输出和定位 > RNA 定位。