As habitat loss and fragmentation place growing pressure on endangered nonhuman primate populations, researchers find increasing evidence for novel responses in behavior. In western Uganda between the Budongo and Bugoma Forests, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabit a mosaic landscape comprising forest fragments, human settlements, and agricultural land. We recorded nests and feeding evidence of unhabituated chimpanzees in this region over a 12-mo period. We found extensive evidence of nesting in introduced tree species, including eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis), guava (Psidium guajava), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), and Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea). In addition, we found instances of ground nesting, nest reuse, and composite nests constructed from branches of multiple trees. This evidence may indicate a lack of suitable nesting trees or attempts by chimpanzees to nest in areas of riparian forest that allow them to avoid human detection. We also found new evidence for eucalyptus bark feeding by chimpanzees. Such evidence suggests chimpanzees respond flexibly to mitigate anthropogenic pressures in human-dominated landscapes. The limits of such flexibility remain unknown. Further research is needed to examine systematically the factors influencing the use of such resources and to understand better the extent to which chimpanzees can persist while relying on them.

中文翻译：

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黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）在人类主导的栖息地灵活使用引进物种筑巢和树皮喂养

随着栖息地丧失和破碎化对濒临灭绝的非人类灵长类动物种群施加越来越大的压力，研究人员发现越来越多的证据表明行为的新反应。在乌干达西部的 Budongo 和 Bugoma 森林之间，黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) 栖息在由森林碎片、人类住区和农田组成的马赛克景观中。我们在 12 个月的时间里记录了该地区无人居住的黑猩猩的巢穴和觅食证据。我们在引进的树种中发现了大量筑巢的证据，包括桉树 (Eucalyptus grandis)、番石榴 (Psidium guajava)、可可 (Theobroma cacao) 和加勒比松 (Pinus caribaea)。此外，我们还发现了地面嵌套、嵌套重复使用和由多棵树的分支构建的复合嵌套的实例。这一证据可能表明缺乏合适的筑巢树木或黑猩猩试图在河岸森林地区筑巢，从而避免人类发现。我们还发现了黑猩猩以桉树树皮为食的新证据。这些证据表明，黑猩猩可以灵活地做出反应，以减轻人类主导的景观中的人为压力。这种灵活性的限制仍然未知。需要进一步的研究来系统地检查影响这些资源使用的因素，并更好地了解黑猩猩在依赖它们时可以坚持的程度。这些证据表明，黑猩猩可以灵活地做出反应，以减轻人类主导的景观中的人为压力。这种灵活性的限制仍然未知。需要进一步的研究来系统地检查影响这些资源使用的因素，并更好地了解黑猩猩在依赖它们时可以坚持的程度。这些证据表明，黑猩猩可以灵活地做出反应，以减轻人类主导的景观中的人为压力。这种灵活性的限制仍然未知。需要进一步的研究来系统地检查影响这些资源使用的因素，并更好地了解黑猩猩在依赖它们时可以坚持的程度。