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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Flexibly Use Introduced Species for Nesting and Bark Feeding in a Human-Dominated Habitat
International Journal of Primatology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10764-016-9916-y
Maureen S McCarthy 1, 2 , Jack D Lester 2 , Craig B Stanford 1
Affiliation  

As habitat loss and fragmentation place growing pressure on endangered nonhuman primate populations, researchers find increasing evidence for novel responses in behavior. In western Uganda between the Budongo and Bugoma Forests, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabit a mosaic landscape comprising forest fragments, human settlements, and agricultural land. We recorded nests and feeding evidence of unhabituated chimpanzees in this region over a 12-mo period. We found extensive evidence of nesting in introduced tree species, including eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis), guava (Psidium guajava), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), and Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea). In addition, we found instances of ground nesting, nest reuse, and composite nests constructed from branches of multiple trees. This evidence may indicate a lack of suitable nesting trees or attempts by chimpanzees to nest in areas of riparian forest that allow them to avoid human detection. We also found new evidence for eucalyptus bark feeding by chimpanzees. Such evidence suggests chimpanzees respond flexibly to mitigate anthropogenic pressures in human-dominated landscapes. The limits of such flexibility remain unknown. Further research is needed to examine systematically the factors influencing the use of such resources and to understand better the extent to which chimpanzees can persist while relying on them.

中文翻译:


黑猩猩(泛穴居动物)在人类主导的栖息地中灵活地利用引进物种筑巢和树皮进食



随着栖息地的丧失和破碎化给濒临灭绝的非人类灵长类动物种群带来越来越大的压力,研究人员发现越来越多的证据表明新的行为反应。在乌干达西部的布东戈和布戈马森林之间,黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) 栖息在由森林碎片、人类住区和农田组成的马赛克景观中。我们在 12 个月的时间里记录了该地区无人居住的黑猩猩的巢穴和进食证据。我们发现了在引进树种中筑巢的大量证据,包括桉树(Eucalyptus grandis)、番石榴(Psidium guajava)、可可树(Theobroma cacao)和加勒比松(Pinus caribaea)。此外,我们还发现了地面筑巢、巢再利用以及由多棵树的树枝构建的复合巢的实例。这一证据可能表明缺乏合适的筑巢树木,或者黑猩猩试图在河岸森林地区筑巢,以避免人类发现。我们还发现了黑猩猩以桉树皮为食的新证据。这些证据表明,黑猩猩能够灵活应对,以减轻人类主导的景观中的人为压力。这种灵活性的局限性仍然未知。需要进一步的研究来系统地研究影响这些资源使用的因素,并更好地了解黑猩猩在依赖这些资源时能够坚持到什么程度。
更新日期:2016-09-16
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