ABSTRACT:The world's oldest sound recordings are the phonautograms created between 1853 and 1860 by Parisian typographer Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville for visual study rather than playback. Fifty of these survive in four French archives and libraries, and the conditions of their selection, deposit, and subsequent treatment offer unique insight into pre-Edisonian perspectives on "sound archiving," to the extent we can use that term for the 1850s and 1860s. Scott framed individual records as documenting specific technical arrangements, use scenarios, and correspondences between sound and trace rather than sounds of intrinsic cultural or scientific interest. Although his phonautograms could be roughly assimilated to the same archival schemes of organization and storage as ordinary writings and drawings, the archival practices of the day left them difficult to access and interpret, practically speaking. They would not become widely recognized as "proofs" of Scott's accomplishments until the twenty-first century.

中文翻译：

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神秘的证据：爱德华-莱昂·斯科特·德·马丁维尔的留声表存档

摘要：世界上最古老的录音是巴黎印刷师 Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville 于 1853 年至 1860 年间为视觉研究而非回放而创作的留声字。其中 50 件保存在四个法国档案馆和图书馆中，它们的选择、存放和后续处理条件提供了对爱迪生前关于“声音存档”的观点的独特见解，我们可以在 1850 年代和 1860 年代使用该术语. 斯科特将个人记录构建为记录特定的技术安排、使用场景以及声音与痕迹之间的对应关系，而不是具有内在文化或科学兴趣的声音。尽管他的留声机可以粗略地被同化为与普通文字和图画相同的档案组织和存储方案，实际上，当时的档案做法使它们难以访问和解释。直到 21 世纪，它们才被广泛认为是斯科特成就的“证明”。