OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the palatal total support tissues (TSTs) and bone support tissues (BSTs) at 5-mm paramedian section to the midsagittal suture between mouth breathers with high-narrow palates and nose breathers with normal palates and confirm the practicability and limitation on superimposition of lateral cephalograms and plaster models for orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) implantation in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 27 mouth breathers with high-narrow palates (study group (SG)) and 27 nose breathers with normal palates (control group (CG)). Upper digital dental models were superimposed with corresponding cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images; then, TSTs and BSTs vertical to the curvature of the palatal mucosa were measured on the 5-mm paramedian section to the midsagittal suture. The measuring sites were the third ruga (R) and the sites anterior and posterior to R at 2-mm interval (A2, A4, A6, and A8; P2, P4, P6, and P8) along the palatal mucosa outline. TSTs and BSTs were also measured on the superimposition of lateral cephalograms and plaster models, and the site with the largest TST value in each patient was recorded. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, and hierarchical clustering heat map were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The greatest average values of TSTs and BSTs in SG were 12.24 ± 2.63 mm and 9.59 ± 2.36 mm at P2 site, and those in CG were 12.96 ± 2.39 mm and 10.56 ± 2.38 mm at R site, respectively. The average values of both TSTs and BSTs in SG were less than those in CG at all insertion sites. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found at A4, A6, and R for TSTs and at R and P4 for BSTs. P2 and R were clustered together for both TSTs and BSTs by the cluster analysis on heat map in both SG and CG. In both groups, only one patient from SG was found to have the insertion site with the largest TST value on 2D superimposition located in the blue area on the heat map, where the measurement values of TSTs were less than 8.5 mm and those of BSTs were less than 5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Mouth breathers with high-narrow palates may have less palatal support tissues than nose breathers with normal palates at 5-mm paramedian section to the midsagittal suture of palate. The site a little posterior to R is more suitable for OMI implantation in mouth breathers. Two-dimensional superimposition of lateral cephalograms and plaster models can provide relatively effective assessment for the site choice of OMI implantation in both mouth breathers with high-narrow palates and nose breathers with normal palates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Three-dimensional superimposition of CBCT data and digital dental model can provide accurate information for palatal OMI implantation. Meanwhile, 2D superimposition of lateral cephalograms and plaster models can be used for assessing the implantation sites at 5-mm paramedian section to the midsagittal suture of palates in mouth breathers under most conditions even those who have less palatal support tissues.

中文翻译：

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评估support支持组织在高狭窄口感的口呼吸器中放置正畸微型植入物与正常口感的鼻呼吸器放置情况的回顾性研究。

目的本研究的目的是比较中上5 mm切面的to总支撑组织（TSTs）和骨支撑组织（BSTs）与高狭窄口的口呼吸器和正常口鼻的鼻呼吸器之间的矢状缝线在这些患者中，侧位头颅图和石膏模型叠加进行正畸小植体（OMI）植入的实用性和局限性。材料和方法样本包括27口高窄口气的呼吸器（研究组（SG））和27口正常口气的鼻呼吸器（对照组）。上位数字牙科模型与相应的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像叠加；然后，在距矢状中线缝合线5 mm的正中切片上测量垂直于pa粘膜曲率的TST和BST。测量部位为第三（R），沿R上粘膜轮廓线以2mm的间隔（R2，A4，A6和A8； P2，P4，P6和P8）位于R的前后位置。还通过侧向头颅图和石膏模型的叠加测量了TST和BST，并记录了每个患者中TST值最大的部位。描述性统计，独立样本t检验和分层聚类热图用于统计分析。结果SG的TST和BST的最大平均值在P2部位分别为12.24±2.63 mm和9.59±2.36 mm，而CG的RST部位分别为12.96±2.39 mm和10.56±2.38 mm。在所有插入位点，SG中TST和BST的平均值均小于CG中的平均值。在A4，A6，对于TST，则为R；对于BST，为R和P4。通过对SG和CG的热图进行聚类分析，对TST和BST的P2和R进行聚类。在两组中，仅一名SG患者被发现在热图的蓝色区域中二维叠加的TST值最大的插入位点，TST的测量值小于8.5 mm，而BST的测量值则为小于5毫米。结论高at味的口呼吸器在than矢状中线缝合线中间5毫米处比正常with味的鼻呼吸器可具有更少的pa支持组织。R后面的位置更适合OMI植入口呼吸。侧面侧位图和石膏模型的二维叠加可以为高狭窄口的口呼吸器和正常口的鼻呼吸器的OMI植入部位选择提供相对有效的评估。临床相关性CBCT数据和数字牙科模型的三维叠加可以为pa骨OMI植入提供准确的信息。同时，在大多数情况下，即使在who支撑组织较少的情况下，侧向脑电图和石膏模型的2D叠加也可用于评估口呼吸器中sa的矢状中缝缝合线5mm旁中段的植入部位。临床相关性CBCT数据和数字牙科模型的三维叠加可以为pa骨OMI植入提供准确的信息。同时，在大多数情况下，即使在who支撑组织较少的情况下，侧向脑电图和石膏模型的2D叠加也可用于评估口呼吸器中sa的矢状中缝缝合线5mm旁中段的植入部位。临床相关性CBCT数据和数字牙科模型的三维叠加可以为pa骨OMI植入提供准确的信息。同时，在大多数情况下，即使在who支撑组织较少的情况下，侧向脑电图和石膏模型的2D叠加也可用于评估口呼吸器中sa的矢状中缝缝合线5mm旁中段的植入部位。