Using data collected from 950 farmers in four provinces of Pakistan i.e. Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Balochistan, the current paper analyzes the farmer's willingness to grow genetically modified (GM) food and cash crop. There exists a huge difference in farmers' perception about GM food and cash crops in Pakistan. In Pakistan, over 90 percent of the farmers were aware of the GM cash crop while only few farmers were aware of GM food crops and vegetables. Empirical results show that majority of the farmers were willing to grow GM cash crops but reluctant to grow the GM food crops and vegetables mainly due to the controversy surrounding the GM food crops. The econometric results illustrate the willingness to grow GM food and cash crop is higher among farm households with large land holdings, secured land rights, higher income levels and larger assets ownership. Result also reveals that farm household NGOs membership negatively affects the willingness of the farmers to grow GM food and cash crops. The access to credit and agricultural extension services do not affect farmer's willingness to grow GM food and cash crops in Pakistan.

中文翻译：

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农民愿意种植转基因食品和经济作物：来自巴基斯坦的经验证据。

利用从巴基斯坦四个省（旁遮普邦，信德省，开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦省（KP）和Bal路支省）的950个农民那里收集的数据，当前的论文分析了农民种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿。巴基斯坦农民对转基因食品和经济作物的认识存在巨大差异。在巴基斯坦，超过90％的农民知道转基因经济作物，而只有少数农民知道转基因粮食作物和蔬菜。实证结果表明，大多数农民愿意种植转基因经济作物，但主要由于围绕转基因粮食作物的争议而不愿种植转基因粮食作物和蔬菜。计量经济学结果表明，拥有大量土地，拥有土地权的农民家庭种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿更高，更高的收入水平和更大的资产所有权。结果还表明，农户非政府组织的成员资格对农民种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿产生了负面影响。获得信贷和农业推广服务不会影响农民在巴基斯坦种植转基因食品和经济作物的意愿。