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Mycorrhizosphere Bacterial Communities and their Sensitivity to Antibacterial Activity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
Microbes and Environments ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18146
Makoto Shirakawa 1 , Iwao Uehara 2 , Megumi Tanaka 2
Affiliation  

We investigated whether ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species exhibit antibacterial activity towards culturable bacterial communities in mycorrhizospheres. Four hundred and thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the ECM root tips of Pinus densiflora and bulk soil, and 21 were co-cultured with six ECM fungal species. Three hundred and twenty-nine bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were identified in ECM roots (n=185) and bulk soil (n=144). Mycorrhizosphere isolates were dominated by Gram-negative Proteobacteria from 16 genera, including Burkholderia, Collimonas, Paraburkholderia, and Rhizobium. Paraburkholderia accounted for approximately 60%. In contrast, bulk soil isolates contained a high number of Gram-positive Firmicutes, particularly from Bacillus. Paraburkholderia accounted for ≤20% of the bacterial isolates from bulk soil, which was significantly lower than its percentage in ECM root tips. Co-cultures of six ECM fungal species with the 21 bacterial strains revealed that eight strains of three Gram-positive genera—Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Lysinibacillus—were sensitive to the antibacterial activity of the fungi. In contrast, the Gram-negative strains, including five Paraburkholderia strains, two Burkholderia strains, and a Rhizobium sp., were not sensitive. The strength of fungal antibacterial activity varied in a species-dependent manner, but consistently affected Gram-positive bacteria. These results suggest that Gram-positive bacteria are excluded from the mycorrhizosphere by the antibacterial activity of ECM fungi, which develops specific soil bacterial communities in the mycorrhizosphere.

中文翻译:

菌根圈细菌群落及其对外生菌根真菌抗菌活性的敏感性

我们研究了外生菌根 (ECM) 真菌物种是否对菌根圈中的可培养细菌群落表现出抗菌活性。从密度松的 ECM 根尖和大块土壤中分离出 430 株细菌菌株,21 株与 6 种 ECM 真菌共培养。在 ECM 根 (n=185) 和大块土壤 (n=144) 中鉴定了 329 个细菌 16S rDNA 序列。菌根圈分离物以来自 16 个属的革兰氏阴性变形菌为主,包括伯克霍尔德菌属、科利蒙氏菌属、副伯克霍尔德菌属和根瘤菌属。Paraburkholderia 约占 60%。相比之下,散装土壤分离物含有大量革兰氏阳性厚壁菌,尤其是来自芽孢杆菌。Paraburkholderia 占大块土壤分离菌的≤20%,显着低于其在 ECM 根尖中的百分比。六种 ECM 真菌与 21 种细​​菌菌株的共培养表明,三种革兰氏阳性菌属的八种菌株(节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和赖氨酸杆菌属)对真菌的抗菌活性敏感。相比之下,革兰氏阴性菌株,包括五种帕拉伯克霍尔德菌菌株、两种伯克霍尔德菌菌株和一种根瘤菌,不敏感。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。六种 ECM 真菌与 21 种细​​菌菌株的共培养表明,三种革兰氏阳性菌属的八种菌株(节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和赖氨酸杆菌属)对真菌的抗菌活性敏感。相比之下,革兰氏阴性菌株,包括五种帕拉伯克霍尔德菌菌株、两种伯克霍尔德菌菌株和一种根瘤菌,不敏感。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。六种 ECM 真菌与 21 种细​​菌菌株的共培养表明,三种革兰氏阳性菌属的八种菌株(节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和赖氨酸杆菌属)对真菌的抗菌活性敏感。相比之下,革兰氏阴性菌株,包括五种帕拉伯克霍尔德菌菌株、两种伯克霍尔德菌菌株和一种根瘤菌,不敏感。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。和 Lysinibacillus——对真菌的抗菌活性敏感。相比之下,革兰氏阴性菌株,包括五种帕拉伯克霍尔德菌菌株、两种伯克霍尔德菌菌株和一种根瘤菌,不敏感。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。和 Lysinibacillus——对真菌的抗菌活性敏感。相比之下,革兰氏阴性菌株,包括五种帕拉伯克霍尔德菌菌株、两种伯克霍尔德菌菌株和一种根瘤菌,不敏感。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。真菌抗菌活性的强度因物种而异,但始终影响革兰氏阳性菌。这些结果表明,通过 ECM 真菌的抗菌活性,革兰氏阳性细菌被排除在菌根圈之外,在菌根圈中形成特定的土壤细菌群落。
更新日期:2019-01-01
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