Health care-associated bacterial pneumonias due to multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are an important public health problem and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, these organisms have adapted to the milieu of the human airway and have acquired resistance to the innate immune clearance mechanisms that normally prevent pneumonia. Given the limited efficacy of antibiotics, bacterial clearance from the airway requires an effective immune response. Understanding how specific airway pathogens initiate and regulate innate immune signaling, and whether this response is excessive, leading to host-induced pathology may guide future immunomodulatory therapy. We will focus on three of the most important causes of health care-associated pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and review the mechanisms through which an inappropriate or damaging innate immune response is stimulated, as well as describe how airway pathogens cause persistent infection by evading immune activation.

中文翻译：

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气道中的MDR细菌激活了先天免疫信号。

由于多重耐药（MDR）病原体引起的与卫生保健相关的细菌性肺炎是重要的公共卫生问题，并且是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因。除了抗菌抗性外，这些生物还适应了人类呼吸道的环境，并获得了对通常可预防肺炎的先天免疫清除机制的抵抗力。鉴于抗生素的功效有限，从气道清除细菌需要有效的免疫反应。了解特定的气道病原体如何启动和调节先天性免疫信号，以及这种反应是否过度，导致宿主诱发的病理学，可能会指导未来的免疫调节治疗。我们将重点研究与医疗保健相关的肺炎的三个最重要原因，即金黄色葡萄球菌，铜绿假单胞菌，