Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease affecting the whole joint structure, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue. Although extensive work has been done in recent years to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this disease, the pathogenesis of OA is still poorly understood and currently, there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for OA. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that confirmed (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway plays a critical role during OA development. This short review will focus on the function and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD pathway in articular chondrocytes, mesenchymal progenitor cells of subchondral bone and synovial lining cells during OA development.

中文翻译：

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TGF-β信号传导与骨关节炎的发展。

骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的关节退行性疾病，会影响整个关节结构，包括关节软骨，软骨下骨和滑膜组织。尽管近年来已经进行了广泛的工作来探索这种疾病的分子机制，但是OA的发病机理仍然知之甚少，并且目前还没有有效的缓解OA的疾病改善方法。最近，体外和体内研究均表明，已证实的（TGF-β）/ SMAD途径在OA的发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。这篇简短的综述将着眼于OA发育过程中TGF-β/ SMAD通路在关节软骨细胞，软骨下骨间充质祖细胞和滑膜内衬细胞中的功能和信号传导机制。