The genetic tools available in Drosophila have facilitated our understanding of how apoptosis is regulated and executed in the context of the developing organism. All embryonic apoptosis is initiated by the activity of three genes, rpr, grim and hid. Each of these genes is independently regulated, allowing developmental apoptosis to be finely controlled. These initiators in turn activate the core apoptotic machinery, including the caspases. Drosophila counterparts to other conserved components of the apoptotic machinery have been recently identified, and we discuss how these may be integrated into the process of normal developmentally regulated cell death. We also outline the role that phagocytosis plays in the final stages of apoptosis and consider the molecular mechanisms guiding the elimination of apoptotic corpses.

中文翻译：

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果蝇中细胞死亡和吞噬作用的分子机制。

果蝇中可用的遗传工具促进了我们对在发育中的生物体中如何调节和执行凋亡的理解。所有胚胎凋亡均由三个基因rpr，grim和hid的活性启动。这些基因中的每一个都是独立调节的，可以精确控制发育细胞凋亡。这些引发剂继而激活了核心凋亡机制，包括胱天蛋白酶。果蝇对应的凋亡机制的其他保守组成部分已被最近鉴定，我们讨论如何将它们整合到正常的发育调节性细胞死亡过程中。我们还概述了吞噬作用在凋亡的最后阶段中的作用，并考虑了指导消除凋亡小体的分子机制。