Successful HIV treatment is contingent on sustained high levels of treatment adherence. Several barriers to optimal adherence have been documented. In this article, we first review the global burden of non-adherence among HIV/AIDS positive individuals on a public health scale. Second, we synthesized available evidence from different study designs and stratified across the European, African, and Asian literature to determine the factors influencing adherence to scheduled clinic appointments and medication non-adherence. Third, we discuss common measurement techniques that quantify the magnitude of non-adherence, their relative advantages and limitations in current practice. From January to May 2018, we reviewed guidelines, standard operating procedures, journal articles, and book chapters on treatment adherence among HIV patients receiving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally. We searched PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the search terms "adherence," "adherence behavior," "medication adherence," and "HIV patients," or "HIV/AIDS," and "Antiretroviral Therapy" or "ART" or "ARVs" or "highly active ART " from 2000 to 2017. We also identified articles through searches of authors' files and previous research on HIV. We included only papers published in English in this review. We then generated a final list of reference on the basis of originality and the broad scope of this review. We found rich literature evidence of research findings and best practice recommendations on the importance of adherence in HIV/AIDS management, a general understanding of factors associated with non-adherence and approaches to investigating non-adherence behavior among different populations. We observed significant contextual differences exist with regard to barriers and burden of non-adherence among these populations.

中文翻译：

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艾滋病毒治疗依从性-患者，卫生保健提供者和其他利益相关者的共同负担

成功的艾滋病毒治疗取决于持续高水平的治疗依从性。记录了最佳依从性的几个障碍。在本文中，我们首先回顾了在公共卫生规模上艾滋病毒/艾滋病阳性患者中不依从的全球负担。第二，我们综合了来自不同研究设计的可用证据，并在欧洲，非洲和亚洲文献中进行了分层，以确定影响依从计划的临床预约和药物不依从性的因素。第三，我们讨论了通用的测量技术，这些技术可以量化不遵守的程度，它们的相对优势和当前实践中的局限性。从2018年1月至2018年5月，我们审查了指南，标准操作程序，期刊文章，以及有关在全球接受抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的HIV患者中治疗依从性的章节。我们搜索了PubMed，Medline，Google Scholar和Cochrane系统评价数据库，并使用搜索词“依从性”，“依从性行为”，“药物依从性”和“ HIV患者”或“ HIV / AIDS”和“抗逆转录病毒疗法”从2000年到2017年是“或”或“ ART”或“ ARV”或“高度活跃的ART”。我们还通过搜索作者档案和先前对HIV的研究来鉴定文章。在本评价中，我们仅包括以英文发表的论文。然后，我们根据独创性和本次审查的广泛范围生成了最终的参考清单。我们发现，关于依从性在HIV / AIDS管理中的重要性，对与非依从性相关的因素的一般理解以及调查不同人群之间的非依从性行为的方法的研究发现和最佳实践建议的文献证据丰富。我们观察到这些人群之间在障碍和不遵守义务方面存在着明显的背景差异。