Abstract Crop protection is an integral part of establishing food security, by protecting the yield potential of crops. Cereal aphids cause yield losses by direct damage and transmission of viruses. Some wild relatives of wheat show resistance to aphids but the mechanisms remain unresolved. In order to elucidate the location of the partial resistance to the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, in diploid wheat lines of Triticum monococcum, we conducted aphid performance studies using developmental bioassays and electrical penetration graphs, as well as metabolic profiling of partially resistant and susceptible lines. This demonstrated that the partial resistance is related to a delayed effect on the reproduction and development of R. padi. The observed partial resistance is phloem based and is shown by an increase in number of probes before the first phloem ingestion, a higher number and duration of salivation events without subsequent phloem feeding and a shorter time spent phloem feeding on plants with reduced susceptibility. Clear metabolic phenotypes separate partially resistant and susceptible lines, with the former having lower levels of the majority of primary metabolites, including total carbohydrates. A number of compounds were identified as being at different levels in the susceptible and partially resistant lines, with asparagine, octopamine and glycine betaine elevated in less susceptible lines without aphid infestation. In addition, two of those, asparagine and octopamine, as well as threonine, glutamine, succinate, trehalose, glycerol, guanosine and choline increased in response to infestation, accumulating in plant tissue localised close to aphid feeding after 24 h. There was no clear evidence of systemic plant response to aphid infestation.

中文翻译：

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具有独特代谢表型和基于韧皮部的对鸟樱桃-燕麦蚜虫Rhopalosiphum padi的部分抗性的单球小麦


摘要 通过保护作物的产量潜力，作物保护是建立粮食安全的一个组成部分。谷物蚜虫通过直接损害和病毒传播造成产量损失。小麦的一些野生近缘种表现出对蚜虫的抗性，但其机制仍未解决。为了阐明二倍体小麦品系中对鸟樱桃燕麦蚜（Rhopalosiphum padi）部分抗性的位置，我们利用发育生物测定和电穿透图以及部分抗性的代谢分析进行了蚜虫性能研究和易感线。这说明部分抗性与稻瘟病菌繁殖发育的延迟效应有关。观察到的部分抗性是基于韧皮部的，并通过第一次韧皮部摄入之前探针数量的增加、没有后续韧皮部取食的流涎事件的数量和持续时间更高以及韧皮部取食易感性降低的植物所花费的时间更短来显示。清晰的代谢表型区分了部分耐药系和易感系，前者的大多数初级代谢物（包括总碳水化合物）水平较低。许多化合物被鉴定为在易感品系和部分抗性品系中处于不同水平，其中天冬酰胺、章鱼胺和甘氨酸甜菜碱在没有蚜虫侵染的较不敏感品系中升高。此外，其中两种，天冬酰胺和章鱼胺，以及苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、海藻糖、甘油、鸟苷和胆碱因侵染而增加，24小时后在靠近蚜虫取食的植物组织中积累。没有明确的证据表明植物对蚜虫侵染有全身反应。