The gold technology in Iberia underwent an important development during the Early Iron Age (EIA) following the arrival of new technological skills from the Mediterranean region, including the use of filigree, granulation, and brazing. This work presents the microanalytical study of EIA gold jewels (22 spherical beads and four tongue pendants) recovered from three graves in southern Portugal. The set of jewelry, showing an extraordinary stylistic resemblance, was characterized by optical microscopy, micro energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis to establish the alloy composition and production techniques. The pieces show a close technological relation, making use of artificial gold alloys with different amounts of silver (c. 40 and 25%). The decorative styles include different types of filigree (solid wires and hollow wires), while the joining techniques comprise brazing with Au-Ag-Cu solders and, probably, sintering. In spite of those technological and stylistic features, clearly pointing to a Mediterranean influence, the absence of granulation suggests an indigenous workshop where exogenous technologies/decorations were not yet fully integrated in the manufacture of such luxury items.

中文翻译：

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古代黄金珠宝的微观分析研究：地中海对伊比利亚西南部铁器时代早期技术的影响。

伊比利亚的黄金技术在铁器时代早期（EIA）发生了重要的发展，这是由于地中海地区出现了包括technological丝，造粒和钎焊在内的新技术技能。这项工作介绍了从葡萄牙南部三个坟墓中回收的EIA金珠宝（22个球形珠和四个舌坠）的微观分析研究。通过光学显微镜，微能量色散X射线能谱和X射线微分析的扫描电子显微镜来确定这套珠宝，展现出与众不同的风格，从而确定合金成分和生产技术。这些作品显示出紧密的技术关系，使用了含不同量银（约40％和25％）的人造金合金。装饰风格包括不同类型的金银丝（实心丝和空心丝），而连接技术包括用Au-Ag-Cu焊料进行钎焊以及可能的烧结。尽管具有这些技术和风格特征，明确指出了地中海的影响，但没有粒化现象表明这是一个本地讲习班，那里的外来技术/装饰尚未完全融合到此类奢侈品的制造中。