Previous studies of human associative learning have demonstrated that people's experience with a cueing stimulus will change how that cue is treated during subsequent learning. Typically, studies have shown that people pay more attention to cues that were informative in the past, and learn new information about these cues more rapidly (these cues are said to have a higher associability). It has recently been shown that to-be-predicted events (outcomes) can also differ in their associability as a consequence of prior experience. However, to date there is no direct evidence that this change in associability is accompanied by a change in attention, which would provide stronger evidence of a parallel with the effects observed previously with cueing stimuli. In two experiments, we examined this question by tracking eye-gaze to provide a measure of participants' overt attention, as they completed a cued visual search task in which outcome predictability was manipulated. The prior predictability of an outcome stimulus biased eye-gaze and learning rate, in a manner reminiscent of the gaze biases observed in tasks that manipulate cue associability. The present results support the view that outcomes, like cues, can vary in the degree to which they attract both attention and learning resources, as a function of their associative history. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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结果可预见性偏差在明显的关注中显而易见。

先前对人类联想学习的研究表明，人们对提示刺激的体验将改变后续学习中如何处理该提示。通常，研究表明，人们更加关注过去提供信息的线索，并更快地学习有关这些线索的新信息（据说这些线索具有较高的关联性）。最近显示，由于先前的经验，要预测的事件（结果）的关联性也可能不同。然而，迄今为止，尚无直接证据表明这种关联性的改变伴随着注意力的改变，这将提供与先前在提示刺激下观察到的效应相似的更强有力的证据。在两个实验中 我们通过跟踪视线来检查这个问题，以衡量参与者的明显注意力，因为他们完成了提示的视觉搜索任务，其中操纵了结果的可预测性。结果刺激的先验可预测性使视线和学习率产生偏差，其方式使人联想到在操纵提示关联性的任务中观察到的视线偏差。目前的结果支持这样一种观点，即结果（如线索）可以根据其相关历史在吸引注意力和学习资源的程度上有所不同。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。以一种使人联想到在操纵提示关联性的任务中观察到的凝视偏见的方式。目前的结果支持这样一种观点，即结果（如线索）可以根据其相关历史在吸引注意力和学习资源的程度上有所不同。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。以一种使人联想到在操纵提示关联性的任务中观察到的凝视偏见的方式。目前的结果支持这样一种观点，即结果（如线索）可以根据其相关历史在吸引注意力和学习资源的程度上有所不同。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。