The treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has changed tremendously over the past 2 years, with an increasing variety of all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment regimens available for different HCV genotypes and distinct clinical settings. These treatments have significantly improved safety in patients with advanced liver disease compared with interferon (IFN)-based regimens. HCV modifies the human immune system to escape immunosurveillance via several mechanisms. One of the basic mechanisms of HCV is the ability to "switch" the immune response by reducing the activity of cells responsible for the elimination of virus-infected cells. IFN-free DAA treatment regimens provide a unique opportunity to assess the effect of HCV elimination on the immune system. Abrupt changes in the immune system can in some cases be responsible for two alarming processes: viral reactivation in patients with chronic hepatitis B and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with previous successful cancer treatment.

中文翻译：

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慢性丙型肝炎和抗病毒无干扰素治疗期间的免疫系统调节。

在过去的两年中，慢性丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染患者的治疗发生了巨大变化，针对不同HCV基因型和不同临床背景的全口服直接作用抗病毒（DAA）治疗方案越来越多。与基于干扰素（IFN）的治疗方案相比，这些治疗显着改善了晚期肝病患者的安全性。HCV通过多种机制修饰人类免疫系统以逃避免疫监视。HCV的基本机制之一是通过减少负责消除病毒感染细胞的细胞活性来“转换”免疫反应的能力。不含IFN的DAA治疗方案为评估HCV消除对免疫系统的影响提供了独特的机会。