Changing automatized movement patterns often leads to initial performance decrements caused by proactive interference. In this study, we scrutinized whether proactive interference could be reduced by inhibiting the to-be-changed movement pattern by means of a physical movement constraint and verbal inhibition instructions, and whether any of the two interventions may be superior. Skilled typists typed short texts as fast and accurately as possible on a regular QWERTZ keyboard. After baseline measures, a new rule prohibiting the use of the left index finger was introduced. Subsequently, participants took part in either a verbal instruction or an additional motor restriction intervention phase. Results revealed that the original rule change was successful in inducing proactive interference in skilled typists. Most importantly, the two interventions similarly reduced proactive interference both immediately following the rule change and after ten practice sessions. We conclude that reducing proactive interference by means of physical motor restrictions and verbal instructions may be equally effective.

中文翻译：

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减少运动任务中的主动干扰。

更改自动化的运动模式通常会导致由主动干扰导致的初始性能下降。在这项研究中，我们研究了是否可以通过身体运动约束和言语抑制指令来抑制待改变的运动模式来减少主动干预，以及这两种干预措施中的任何一项都可能更好。熟练的打字员在常规的QWERTZ键盘上尽可能快速，准确地输入短文本。在基线测量之后，引入了禁止使用左手食指的新规则。随后，参与者参加了口头指导或其他运动限制干预阶段。结果显示，最初的规则更改成功地诱导了熟练打字员的主动干预。最重要的是，这两种干预措施在规则更改后立即进行和十次练习后均类似地减少了主动干预。我们得出结论，通过物理运动限制和口头指示减少主动干扰可能同样有效。