BACKGROUND Emesis has significant evolutionary value as a defense mechanism against ingested toxins; however, it is also one of the most common adverse symptoms associated with both disease and medical treatments of disease. The development of improved antiemetic pharmacotherapies has been impeded by a shortage of animal models. METHODS The present studies characterized the responses of the squirrel monkey to pharmacologically diverse emetic drugs. Subjects were administered nicotine (0.032-0.56 mg/kg), lithium chloride (150-250 mg/kg), arecoline (0.01-0.32 mg/kg), or apomorphine (0.032-0.32 mg/kg) and observed for emesis and prodromal hypersalivation. RESULTS Nicotine rapidly produced emesis and hypersalivation. Lithium chloride produced emesis with a longer time course without dose-dependent hypersalivation. Arecoline produced hypersalivation but not emesis. Apomorphine failed to produce emesis or hypersalivation. CONCLUSIONS The squirrel monkey is sensitive to drug-induced emesis by a variety of pharmacological mechanisms and is well-positioned to examine antiemetic efficacy and clinically important side effects of candidate antiemetic pharmacotherapies.

中文翻译：

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松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）中药物引起的呕吐的测定。

背景技术呕吐作为抵抗摄入毒素的防御机制具有重要的进化价值。然而，它也是与疾病和疾病的医学治疗有关的最常见的不良症状之一。缺乏动物模型阻碍了止吐药治疗方法的发展。方法本研究的特点是松鼠猴对药理学上不同的催吐药的反应。受试者接受烟碱（0.032-0.56 mg / kg），氯化锂（150-250 mg / kg），槟榔碱（0.01-0.32 mg / kg）或阿扑吗啡（0.032-0.32 mg / kg）观察呕吐和前驱力唾液过多。结果尼古丁迅速产生呕吐和唾液分泌过多。氯化锂产生的呕吐具有较长的病程，而没有剂量依赖性的过度唾液分泌。槟榔碱引起的唾液分泌过多，但没有呕吐。阿扑吗啡未能产生呕吐或唾液分泌过多。结论松鼠猴通过多种药理机制对药物引起的呕吐敏感，并且处于适当位置，可以检查候选止吐药的止吐功效和临床重要的副作用。