Environmental inequality scholarship has paid little attention to the disproportional exposure of immigrants in the United States (U.S.) to unfavorable environmental conditions. This study investigates whether new international migrants in the U.S. are exposed to environmental hazards and how this pattern varies among immigrant subpopulations (e.g., Hispanics, Asian, European). We combine sociodemographic information from the American Community Survey with toxicity-weighted chemical concentrations (Toxics Release Inventory) to model the relationship between toxin exposure and the relative population of recent immigrants across Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs, n=2,054) during 2005-2011. Results from spatial panel models show that immigrants tend to be less exposed to toxins, suggesting resilience instead of vulnerability. This pattern was pronounced among immigrants from Europe and Latin America (excluding Mexico). However, our results revealed that Mexican immigrants are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards in wealthy regions.

中文翻译：

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美国移民的环境不平等和污染优势


环境不平等学术界很少关注美国移民不成比例地面临不利环境条件的问题。本研究调查了美国的新国际移民是否面临环境危害，以及这种模式在移民亚人群（例如西班牙裔、亚洲裔、欧洲裔）之间有何变化。我们将美国社区调查的社会人口统计信息与毒性加权化学浓度（有毒物质释放清单）相结合，以模拟 2005 年至 2011 年期间公共使用微数据区域（PUMA，n=2,054）的毒素暴露与新移民相对人口之间的关系。 。空间面板模型的结果表明，移民往往较少接触毒素，这表明移民具有复原力而不是脆弱性。这种模式在来自欧洲和拉丁美洲（不包括墨西哥）的移民中尤为明显。然而，我们的结果显示，墨西哥移民在富裕地区过多地面临环境危害。