Background: Immunotherapy for cancer includes Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells, CAR-natural Killer (NK) cells, PD1, and the PD-L1 inhibitor. However, the proportion of patients who respond to cancer immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Concurrently, nanotechnology has experienced a revolution in cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are few clinically approved nanoparticles that can selectively bind and target cancer cells and incorporate molecules, although many therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. There are no systematic reviews outlining how nanomedicine and immunotherapy are used in combination to treat cancer.

Objective: This review aims to illustrate how nanomedicine and immunotherapy can be used for cancer treatment to overcome the limitations of the low proportion of patients who respond to cancer immunotherapy and the rarity of nanomaterials in clinical use.

Methods: A literature review of MEDLINE, PubMed / PubMed Central, and Google Scholar was performed. We performed a structured search of literature reviews on nanoparticle drug-delivery systems, which included photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photoacoustic therapy, and immunotherapy for cancer. Moreover, we detailed the advantages and disadvantages of the various nanoparticles incorporated with molecules to discuss the challenges and solutions associated with cancer treatment.

Conclusion: This review identified the advantages and disadvantages associated with improving health care and outcomes. The findings of this review confirmed the importance of nanomedicinecombined immunotherapy for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. It may become a new way to develop novel cancer therapeutics using nanomaterials to achieve synergistic anticancer immunity.

背景：针对癌症的免疫疗法包括嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T细胞，CAR自然杀伤（NK）细胞，PD1和PD-L1抑制剂。但是，对癌症免疫疗法有反应的患者比例并不令人满意。同时，纳米技术在癌症诊断和治疗方面经历了一场革命。尽管许多治疗性纳米载体已被批准用于临床，但很少有临床批准的纳米颗粒能够选择性地结合并靶向癌细胞并整合分子。没有系统的综述来概述如何结合使用纳米药物和免疫疗法来治疗癌症。

目的：本综述旨在说明如何将纳米药物和免疫疗法用于癌症治疗，以克服对癌症免疫疗法有反应的患者比例低以及纳米材料在临床上的稀缺性的局限性。

方法：对MEDLINE，PubMed / PubMed Central和Google Scholar进行文献综述。我们对有关纳米颗粒药物递送系统的文献综述进行了结构化搜索，其中包括光动力疗法，光热疗法，光声疗法和癌症免疫疗法。此外，我们详细介绍了与分子结合的各种纳米颗粒的优缺点，以讨论与癌症治疗相关的挑战和解决方案。

结论：这项审查确定了改善医疗保健和结果相关的利弊。这篇综述的结果证实了纳米药物联合免疫疗法对改善癌症治疗功效的重要性。它可能成为使用纳米材料开发新型癌症治疗剂以实现协同抗癌免疫力的新方法。