Yellow fever (YF) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne disease that is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) and characterized by a sylvatic and urban cycle. Its most severe presentation is manifested as a hemorrhagic disease, and it has been responsible for thousands of deaths in the last decades. This study describes the public health approaches taken to control the 2016-2017 YF outbreak in nonhuman primates (NHPs) that took place in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. NHPs recovered from the field were necropsied, and YF diagnoses were made at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and the Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo. NHP samples were inoculated into Vero cells for YFV isolation. RNA extraction was performed directly from NHP tissues and tested by RT-qPCR. YFV-positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Based on the rapid RT-qPCR results, surveillance actions were implemented in the entire region. Confirmatory histopathology and immunohistochemistry for YFV were also performed. Among nine NHPs, gross hepatic involvement was observed in six animals, five of which were YFV-RT-qPCR-positive. One YFV was isolated from the serum of an infant NHP. YFV RNA sequences diverged from the virus responsible for the last epizootic that occurred in São Paulo state, but it was similar to the current Brazilian epizootic. Public health actions included dissemination of information on YF transmission, investigation of the probable location of NHP infection, characterization of the environment, and subsequent creation of the blueprint from which prevention and control measures were implemented. The YFV sylvatic cycle occurred in the periurban areas of the northeastern region of São Paulo state, but no human cases were reported during this period, showing that integrated actions between human, animal, and environmental health professionals were critical to restrain the virus to the sylvatic cycle.

中文翻译：

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采取协调行动防止黄热病向人群传播的重要性：2016-2017 年圣保罗州东北部地区黄热病疫情的经验。


黄热病（YF）是一种人畜共患的节肢动物传播疾病，由黄热病病毒（YFV）引起，以森林和城市循环为特征。其最严重的表现是出血性疾病，在过去几十年中已导致数千人死亡。本研究描述了为控制 2016 年至 2017 年巴西圣保罗州东北部地区发生的非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 黄热病疫情而采取的公共卫生方法。对从现场回收的 NHP 进行了尸检，并在里贝朗普雷图医学院分子病毒学实验室和圣保罗阿道夫·卢茨研究所病理中心进行了 YF 诊断。将 NHP 样本接种到 Vero 细胞中以分离 YFV。直接从 NHP 组织中提取 RNA 并通过 RT-qPCR 进行测试。 YFV 阳性样本通过测序得到确认。根据快速 RT-qPCR 结果，在整个地区实施了监测行动。还对 YFV 进行了验证性组织病理学和免疫组织化学检查。在 9 个 NHP 中，有 6 只动物观察到肝脏受累，其中 5 只呈 YFV-RT-qPCR 阳性。从婴儿 NHP 的血清中分离出一种 YFV。 YFV RNA 序列与圣保罗州上一次发生的动物流行病的病毒不同，但与当前巴西的动物流行病相似。公共卫生行动包括传播有关黄热病传播的信息、调查 NHP 感染的可能地点、描述环境特征以及随后制定实施预防和控制措施的蓝图。 YFV 森林循环发生在圣保罗州东北部地区的城郊地区，但在此期间没有报告人类病例，这表明人类、动物和环境卫生专业人员之间的综合行动对于抑制病毒在森林中传播至关重要。循环。