Wolbachia and Spiroplasma are intracellular bacteria that are of great interest to entomologists, because of their ability to alter insect host biology in multiple ways. In the spider mite Tetranychus truncatus, co‐infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma can induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and fitness costs; however, little is known about the effect of co‐infection at the genetic level and the molecular mechanisms underlying CI. In this study, we explored the influence of the two symbionts on male mite host fitness and used RNA sequencing to generate the transcriptomes of T. truncatus with four different types of infection. In total, we found symbiont‐infected lines had a higher hatch proportion than the uninfected line, and the development time of the uninfected line was longer than that of the other lines. Co‐infection changed the expression of many genes related to digestion detoxification, reproduction, immunity and oxidation reduction. Our results indicate that co‐infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma confers multiple effects on their hosts, and helps illuminate the complex interactions between endosymbionts and arthropods.

中文翻译：

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叶螨 Tetranychus truncatus 中 Wolbachia 和 Spiroplasma 的共同感染增加了男性的健康

Wolbachia 和 Spiroplasma 是昆虫学家非常感兴趣的细胞内细菌，因为它们能够以多种方式改变昆虫宿主生物学。在叶螨 Tetranychus truncatus 中，Wolbachia 和 Spiroplasma 的共同感染会导致细胞质不相容性 (CI) 和适应性成本；然而，关于共感染在遗传水平上的影响和 CI 的分子机制知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们探索了两种共生体对雄性螨宿主适应性的影响，并使用 RNA 测序来生成具有四种不同感染类型的 T. truncatus 的转录组。总的来说，我们发现共生体感染系的孵化率高于未感染系，未感染系的发育时间长于其他系。共感染改变了许多与消化解毒、繁殖、免疫和氧化还原相关的基因的表达。我们的结果表明，沃尔巴克氏体和螺旋体的共同感染对其宿主产生多种影响，并有助于阐明内共生体和节肢动物之间的复杂相互作用。