Emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, have become serious problems worldwide. Recent studies conducted in Vietnam revealed that ESBL-producing E. coli are widely distributed in food animals and people. CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 are the most prevalent β-lactamases among the identified ESBLs. Furthermore, most of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Residual antimicrobials such as sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfadimidine, cephalexin, and sulfadiazine were also detected at a high level in both animal meats and environmental water collected from several cities, including Ho Chi Minh city and Can Tho city. These recent studies indicated that improper use of antimicrobials in animal-originated food production might contribute to the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam. Although clonal ESBL-producing E. coli was not identified, CTX-M-55 gene-carrying plasmids with similar sizes (105–139 kb) have been commonly detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from various food animals and human beings. This finding strongly suggests that horizontal transfer of the CTX-M plasmid among various E. coli strains played a critical role in the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam.

中文翻译：

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越南环境中产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶的大肠杆菌和残留抗菌剂的流行情况

耐药细菌的出现和传播，包括产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的细菌大肠杆菌，已成为世界范围内的严重问题。最近在越南进行的研究表明，产 ESBL大肠杆菌广泛分布于食用动物和人体内。CTX-M-9 和 CTX-M-1 是已鉴定的 ESBL 中最普遍的 β-内酰胺酶。此外，大多数产 ESBL大肠杆菌分离株具有多重耐药性。在胡志明市和芹苴市等几个城市采集的动物肉类和环境水中也检测到高水平的残留抗菌剂，如磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶、磺胺嘧啶、头孢氨苄和磺胺嘧啶。这些最近的研究表明，在动物源性食品生产中不当使用抗菌剂可能导致产 ESBL 的出现和高流行大肠杆菌在越南。尽管产生克隆 ESBL大肠杆菌未鉴定出具有相似大小 (105–139 kb) 的 CTX-M-55 基因携带质粒通常在产 ESBL大肠杆菌从各种食用动物和人类中分离出的菌株。这一发现强烈表明 CTX-M 质粒在各种大肠杆菌菌株在产 ESBL 的出现和高流行中发挥了关键作用大肠杆菌在越南。