The present study describes the relationship between the morphology of the forewing axillary sclerites and the way the wings fold among 24 aphid genera as compared to a representative of coccids. Architecture of the forewing base was imaged with scanning electron and optical (fluorescence) microscopy. Significant differences in morphology of axillary sclerites between aphid species were observed, despite their belonging to one infraorder. Detailed description of 41 features of axillary sclerites was made. There was no difference between axillaries of viviparous (Aphididae) and oviparous (Adelges sp., Phylloxera sp.) species. No clear relationship between morphology of the axillary sclerites and the wing folding could be confirmed. Instead, the thorax structure determines the way the wing folds in aphids. Phylogenetic analysis based on our results cannot be conducted at this stage of study. To show how three-dimensional the structures are and how difficult to describe, a short animation of Aphis fabae (Aphididae) wing base was added. This is a preliminary study about morphology of axillary sclerites among aphids.

中文翻译：

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蚜虫（Aphidomorpha、Sternorrhyncha、Hemiptera）的前翅腋下硬骨的形态与翅膀折叠方式之间是否存在关系？

本研究描述了前翅腋下骨节的形态与 24 个蚜虫属之间的翅膀折叠方式之间的关系，与球虫的代表相比。前翅基部的结构用扫描电子和光学（荧光）显微镜成像。尽管它们属于一个下目，但观察到蚜虫物种之间腋窝硬骨的形态存在显着差异。详细描述了腋下巩膜的41个特征。胎生 (Aphididae) 和卵生 (Adelges sp., Phylloxera sp.) 物种的腋窝之间没有差异。无法证实腋窝骨石的形态与翼折叠之间的明确关系。相反，胸部结构决定了蚜虫翅膀折叠的方式。在此研究阶段无法根据我们的结果进行系统发育分析。为了展示结构的三维度以及描述的难度，添加了蚕蛹（Aphididae）翼基的简短动画。本研究是对蚜虫腋窝骨节形态的初步研究。