The glutamatergic synapse, referred to as the tripartite synapse, involves three elements: presynaptic neurons, postsynaptic neurons, and astrocytes. There are several different synaptic components expressed on both neurons and astrocytes in the glutamate synapse, as summarized in Table 1. These components include two types of glutamate receptors that exist on these synaptic elements: metabotropic and ionotropic. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are present on both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons (Revett et al., 2013) and involve three different groups of receptors: Group I (mGluR1 and mGluR5), Group II (mGluR 2 and 3), and Group III (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8; Petralia et al., 1996; Rudy et al., 2015). Group I mGluRs are Gq-coupled and are expressed postsynaptically, depolarizing the postsynaptic neuron upon stimulation (Petralia et al., 1996; Ferraguti and Shigemoto, 2006; Revett et al., 2013). Groups II and III mGluRs are Gi/o-coupled inhibitory autoreceptors and are expressed both pre- and postsynaptically (Petralia et al., 1996; Rudy et al., 2015), leading to inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release or postsynaptic excitation (Ambrosini et al., 1995; Ferraguti and Shigemoto, 2006).

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默氏病进展过程中谷氨酸信号动力学的淀粉样蛋白相关的变化。

谷氨酸能突触，称为三联突触，涉及三个要素：突触前神经元，突触后神经元和星形胶质细胞。如表1所示，在谷氨酸突触的神经元和星形胶质细胞上都有几种不同的突触成分表达。这些成分包括存在于这些突触元件上的两种类型的谷氨酸受体：亲代谢型和离子型。代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluRs）存在于突触前和突触后神经元上（Revett et al。，2013），涉及三组不同的受体：I组（mGluR1和mGluR5），II组（mGluR 2和3）和III组（mGluR4，mGluR6，mGluR7和mGluR8； Petralia等，1996； Rudy等，2015）。第I组mGluR是Gq偶联的，并且在突触后表达，刺激后使突触后神经元去极化（Petralia等，1996; Ferraguti和Shigemoto，2006; Revett等，2013）。II组和III组mGluRs是Gi / o偶联的抑制性自体受体，在突触前和突触后均表达（Petralia等，1996； Rudy等，2015），导致抑制突触前谷氨酸释放或突触后兴奋（Ambrosini等）。等人，1995； Ferraguti和Shigemoto，2006）。