Despite of ongoing research programs and numerous clinical trials, seasonal influenza epidemics remain a major concern globally. Vaccination remains the most effective method to prevent influenza infection. However, current flu vaccines have several limitations, including limited vaccine capacity, long production times, inconsistence efficacy in certain populations, and lack of a “universal” solution. Different next-generation approaches such as cell line-based culture, reverse genetics, and virus expression technology are currently under development to address the aforementioned challenges in conventional vaccine manufacture pipeline. Such approaches hope for safe and scalable production, induce broad-spectrum immunity, create premade libraries of vaccine strains, and target nonvariable regions of antigenic proteins for “universal” vaccination. Here, we discuss the process and challenges of the current influenza vaccine platform as well as new approaches that are being investigated. These developments indicate that an exciting future lies ahead in the influenza vaccine field.

尽管正在进行中的研究计划和大量的临床试验，季节性流感流行仍然是全球主要关注的问题。疫苗接种仍然是预防流感感染的最有效方法。但是，当前的流感疫苗有几个局限性，包括有限的疫苗容量，较长的生产时间，在某些人群中缺乏持续性功效以及缺乏“通用”解决方案。目前正在开发不同的下一代方法，例如基于细胞系的培养，反向遗传学和病毒表达技术，以解决常规疫苗生产流程中的上述挑战。这样的方法希望可以安全，可扩展地生产，诱导广谱免疫力，创建疫苗株的预制文库，并针对“通用”疫苗针对抗原蛋白的不变区域。在这里，我们讨论当前流感疫苗平台的过程和挑战以及正在研究的新方法。这些事态发展表明，流感疫苗领域将迎来令人振奋的未来。