The ultimate goal of any vaccine is to generate a heterogeneous and stable pool of memory lymphocytes. Vaccine are designed with the hope to generate antigen specific long-lived T cell responses, as it may be the case in natural infection; however, inducing such response by sub-unit vaccine has been a challenge. Although significant progress has been made, there is lot of scope for designing novel vaccine strategies by taking cues from the natural infection. This review focuses upon the roadblocks and the possible ways to overcome them leading to developing effective vaccines. Here we propose that mimicking the natural course of infection as well as the inclusion of non-target antigens in vaccine formulations might generate heterogeneous pool of memory T cells to ensure long-lived protection.

任何疫苗的最终目标是产生异质且稳定的记忆淋巴细胞库。设计疫苗的目的是希望产生抗原特异的长寿命T细胞应答，自然感染可能就是这种情况。然而，通过亚单位疫苗诱导这种反应一直是一个挑战。尽管已经取得了重大进展，但通过借鉴自然感染的线索，设计新颖的疫苗策略仍有很大的空间。这篇综述着重介绍了障碍以及克服障碍的可能方法，从而开发出有效的疫苗。在这里，我们提出，模仿自然感染过程以及在疫苗制剂中包含非靶标抗原可能会产生异质性记忆T细胞库，以确保长期保护。