Annual vaccination is routinely used in organ transplant recipients for immunization against seasonal influenza. However, detailed analysis of the kinetics of vaccine-induced immune responses in this population is lacking. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of vaccine strains-specific antibody responses to trivalent influenza vaccine in a group of renal transplant recipients and a control group. First, we found that the geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition titer against all 3 vaccine strains in the transplant cohort was significantly low when compared to control subjects. Next, whereas the control group sera showed significantly higher HA-specific IgG and isotype IgG1 antibodies at all four time points, a similar increase in the transplant group was delayed until day 28. Interestingly, within the transplant group, subjects receiving belatacept/MMF/prednisone-based regimen had significantly lower levels of total IgG and HA-specific IgG when compared to tacrolimus/MMF/prednisone-based regimen. Even though IgG-ASC response in both cohorts peaked at day 7 post-vaccination, the frequency of IgG-ASC was significantly low in the transplant group. Taken together, our studies show delayed kinetics and lower levels of influenza vaccine-specific antibody responses in renal transplant recipients and, more importantly, indicate the need to probe and improve current vaccination strategies in renal transplant recipients.

器官移植接受者通常每年接种一次疫苗，以抵抗季节性流感。但是，缺乏对该人群中疫苗诱导的免疫反应动力学的详细分析。在这项研究中，我们调查了一组肾移植接受者和对照组中疫苗株特异性抗体对三价流感疫苗反应的动力学。首先，我们发现，与对照组相比，移植队列中所有3种疫苗株的血细胞凝集抑制效价的几何平均值均很低。接下来，尽管对照组血清在所有四个时间点均显示出明显更高的HA特异性IgG和同种型IgG1抗体，但移植组的相似增加被推迟到第28天。有趣的是，在移植组中，与他克莫司/ MMF /泼尼松为基础的方案相比，接受belatacept / MMF /泼尼松为基础的方案的受试者的总IgG和HA特异性IgG的水平明显较低。即使这两个队列中的IgG-ASC反应在疫苗接种后第7天达到峰值，但移植组中IgG-ASC的频率仍显着降低。综上所述，我们的研究显示肾移植受者的动力学延迟和流感疫苗特异性抗体应答水平降低，更重要的是，表明有必要探索和改善肾移植受者的当前疫苗接种策略。移植组中IgG-ASC的频率明显较低。综上所述，我们的研究显示肾移植受者的动力学延迟和流感疫苗特异性抗体应答水平降低，更重要的是，表明有必要探索和改善肾移植受者的当前疫苗接种策略。移植组中IgG-ASC的频率明显较低。综上所述，我们的研究显示肾移植受者的动力学延迟和流感疫苗特异性抗体应答水平降低，更重要的是，表明有必要探索和改善肾移植受者的当前疫苗接种策略。