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Protein kinase R and its cellular regulators in cancer: An active player or a surveillant?
WIREs RNA ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-23 , DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1558
Yong Sun Lee 1 , Nawapol Kunkeaw 2 , Yeon-Su Lee 3
Affiliation  

Protein kinase R (PKR), originally known as an antiviral protein, senses various stresses as well as pathogen-driven double-stranded RNAs. Thereby activated PKR provokes diverse downstream events, including eIF2α phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Consequently, PKR induces apoptosis and inflammation, both of which are highly important in cancer as much as its original antiviral role. Therefore, cellular proteins and RNAs should tightly control PKR activity. PKR and its regulators are often dysregulated in cancer and it is undoubted that such dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. However, PKR's precise role in cancer is still in debate, due to incomprehensible and even contradictory data. In this review, we introduce important cellular PKR regulators and discuss about their roles in cancer. Among them, we pay particular attention to nc886, a PKR repressor noncoding RNA that has been identified relatively recently, because its expression pattern in cancer can explain interesting yet obscure oncologic aspects of PKR. Based on nc886 and its regulation of PKR, we have proposed a tumor surveillance model, which reconciles contradictory data about PKR in cancer. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

中文翻译:

蛋白激酶 R 及其在癌症中的细胞调节剂:积极参与者还是监督者?

蛋白激酶 R (PKR) 最初被称为抗病毒蛋白,可感知各种压力以及病原体驱动的双链 RNA。因此激活的 PKR 会引发多种下游事件,包括 eIF2α 磷酸化和激活 B 细胞激活的核因子κ轻链增强子。因此,PKR 诱导细胞凋亡和炎症,这两者在癌症中都非常重要,就像其最初的抗病毒作用一样。因此,细胞蛋白质和 RNA 应严格控制 PKR 活性。PKR 及其调节剂在癌症中经常失调,毫无疑问,这种失调会导致肿瘤发生。然而,由于难以理解甚至相互矛盾的数据,PKR 在癌症中的确切作用仍然存在争议。在这次审查中,我们介绍了重要的细胞 PKR 调节剂并讨论了它们在癌症中的作用。其中,我们特别关注 nc886,一种 PKR 抑制子非编码 RNA,最近才被发现,因为它在癌症中的表达模式可以解释 PKR 有趣但模糊的肿瘤学方面。基于 nc886 及其对 PKR 的调控,我们提出了一种肿瘤监测模型,该模型调和了关于癌症中 PKR 的矛盾数据。本文分类如下:调节性 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调节性 RNA RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 相互作用:功能影响。因为它在癌症中的表达模式可以解释 PKR 有趣但模糊的肿瘤学方面。基于 nc886 及其对 PKR 的调控,我们提出了一种肿瘤监测模型,该模型调和了关于癌症中 PKR 的矛盾数据。本文分类如下:调节性 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调节性 RNA RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 相互作用:功能影响。因为它在癌症中的表达模式可以解释 PKR 有趣但模糊的肿瘤学方面。基于 nc886 及其对 PKR 的调控,我们提出了一种肿瘤监测模型,该模型调和了关于癌症中 PKR 的矛盾数据。本文分类如下:调节性 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调节性 RNA RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 相互作用:功能影响。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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