ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in heterogeneous patterns of neuropsychological impairment. This study investigated heterogeneity in executive function (EF) using the Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) to evaluate 121 children and adolescents with TBI and 121 matched normal controls. The TBI group performed approximately two standard deviations below controls. Cluster analyses indicated that a three-cluster solution best classified the TBI group and a four-cluster solution best classified controls. Greater impairment in EF was associated with lower intellectual, achievement, and neuropsychological test performance in the TBI group. Results suggest that EF deficits reflected in CTMT performance may be useful for classifying severity of TBI.

中文翻译：

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小儿创伤性脑损伤的执行功能概况

摘要 创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 导致神经心理障碍的异质模式。本研究使用综合追踪测试 (CTMT) 调查了执行功能 (EF) 的异质性，以评估 121 名 TBI 儿童和青少年和 121 名匹配的正常对照。TBI 组执行的标准差大约低于对照组的两个标准差。聚类分析表明，三聚类解决方案对 TBI 组进行了最佳分类，而四聚类解决方案对对照组进行了最佳分类。在 TBI 组中，EF 的更大损害与较低的智力、成就和神经心理测试表现有关。结果表明，CTMT 表现中反映的 EF 缺陷可能有助于对 TBI 的严重程度进行分类。