Reinforcement signals such as food reward and noxious punishment can change diverse behaviors. This holds true in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, which can be conditioned by an odor and sugar reward or electric shock punishment. Despite a wide variety of behavior modulated by learning, conditioned responses have been traditionally measured by altered odor preference in a choice, and other memory-guided behaviors have been only scarcely investigated. Here, we analyzed detailed conditioned odor responses of flies after sugar associative learning by employing a video recording and semi-automated processing pipeline. Trajectory analyses revealed that multiple behavioral components were altered along with conditioned approach to the rewarded odor. Notably, we found that lateral wing extension, a hallmark of courtship behavior of D. melanogaster, was robustly increased specifically in the presence of the rewarded odor. Strikingly, genetic disruption of the mushroom body output did not impair conditioned courtship increase, while markedly weakening conditioned odor approach. Our results highlight the complexity of conditioned responses and their distinct regulatory mechanisms that may underlie coordinated yet complex memory-guided behaviors in flies.

食物奖励和有害惩罚等强化信号可以改变各种行为。果蝇果蝇中也是如此，可以通过气味和糖分奖励或电击惩罚来调节。尽管通过学习调节了各种各样的行为，但是传统上已经通过选择改变气味的喜好来测量条件响应，而对其他记忆引导行为的研究很少。在这里，我们通过采用视频记录和半自动处理管道，分析了糖关联学习后果蝇的详细条件气味响应。弹道分析表明，多种行为成分随着对有味气味的条件处理而改变。值得注意的是，我们发现侧翼伸展是D. melanogaster求爱行为的标志，特别是在存在奖励气味的情况下，其含量显着增加。令人惊讶的是，蘑菇体产量的遗传破坏并没有损害条件性求爱的增加，而显着减弱了条件性气味的处理方法。我们的结果突出了条件反应的复杂性及其独特的调控机制，这些机制可能是果蝇协调但复杂的记忆引导行为的基础。