Abstract Until 2004, Dutch women seeking donor insemination through medical facilities could opt for open-identity or anonymous donors. Since then, Dutch law only permits open-identity donation. The present study compared the well-being of adolescents conceived before 2004 through known, open-identity, and anonymous donors, and born into planned lesbian parent families (i.e., the mothers identified as lesbian before the children were conceived). The sixty-seven participating adolescents (Mage = 16.04 years) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Youth Self-Report, and answered questions about their donor. Thirty-three were conceived through known, twenty-two through open-identity, and twelve through anonymous donors. No significant associations were found between donor type and self-esteem or problem behavior. Likewise, no significant differences were found on these two variables for adolescents with known donors who did or did not play important roles in their lives. For adolescents conceived with sperm from as-yet unknown donors (open-identity or anonymous), feeling uncomfortable about not knowing the donor was associated with lower self-esteem and more externalizing problem behavior. That donor type was found to have no bearing on adolescent self-esteem or problem behavior may be useful to prospective lesbian parents.

中文翻译：

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在计划中的女同性恋父母家庭中通过捐赠精子构想的荷兰青少年的自尊和问题行为

摘要在2004年之前，通过医疗机构寻求捐赠者授精的荷兰妇女可以选择公开身份或匿名捐赠者。从那时起，荷兰法律只允许公开身份捐赠。本研究比较了2004年之前通过已知的，公开的身份和匿名捐助者怀孕的，并计划生育的女同性恋父母家庭（即，在孕育孩子之前被确定为女同性恋者的母亲）的幸福状态。67名参与调查的青少年（年龄= 16.04岁）完成了罗森伯格自尊量表和青年自我报告，并回答了有关其捐助者的问题。已知的有33个，公开身份的有22个，匿名捐赠者的有12个。在捐助者类型与自尊或问题行为之间未发现显着关联。同样 对于已知捐助者在生活中起重要作用或没有起重要作用的青少年，在这两个变量上没有发现显着差异。对于还来自未知捐献者（开放身份或匿名）的精子受孕的青少年，对于不知道捐献者与较低的自尊和更多的外在问题行为相关，感到不自在。发现供体类型与青少年的自尊或行为无关，可能对潜在的女同性恋父母有用。对不知道捐赠者的自尊心降低和更多的外部问题行为感到不自在。发现供体类型与青少年的自尊或行为无关，可能对潜在的女同性恋父母有用。对不知道捐赠者的自尊心降低和更多的外部问题行为感到不自在。发现供体类型与青少年的自尊或行为无关，可能对潜在的女同性恋父母有用。