The yeast species Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) is widely associated with oenological ecosystems and is frequently isolated from grape and grape must. Previous work showed that the genetic diversity of this species is high in wine environments and it is shaped by geographic location. Most analysed C. zemplinina strains, however, have been isolated from Vitis vinifera, disregarding the existence of other worldwide-distributed Vitis species used in winemaking. In this work, we address the impact of the Vitis species and geographic location on the genetic diversity of C. zemplinina. Microsatellite genotyping analysis was applied to two remarkable populations of C. zemplinina from Argentina and Portugal (Azores Archipelago), isolated from neighbouring V. vinifera and Vitis labrusca vineyards. The study also included a large population of previously characterized worldwide-isolated C. zemplinina strains. Genetic analyses confirmed that geographic localization significantly shaped the genetic diversity of C. zemplinina. No genetic differentiation on the basis of the Vitis species was recorded, indicating that C. zemplinina populations from neighbouring V. vinifera and V. labrusca vineyards are genetically homogeneous. In addition, no impact of the vintage was found on the C. zemplinina populations being both highly diversified and homogeneous during initial stages of alcoholic fermentation. Altogether, these results confirmed that winemaking-related factors (i.e., vintage, Vitis species, and alcoholic fermentation) do not impact the genetic diversity of C. zemplinina and that only geographic localization significantly shapes this yeast species.

中文翻译：

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葡萄，葡萄和酒精发酵不会驱动芽孢杆菌（别名念珠菌zemplinina）物种的种群结构。

酵母菌Starmerella bacillaris（同义词念珠菌Cempida zemplinina）与酿酒生态系统广泛相关，通常从葡萄和葡萄汁中分离出来。先前的研究表明，该物种的遗传多样性在葡萄酒环境中很高，并且受地理位置的影响。然而，大多数分析的Cemperina菌株均已从酿酒葡萄中分离出来，而忽略了酿酒中使用的其他世界范围分布的酿酒葡萄物种。在这项工作中，我们解决葡萄树种和地理位置对C. zemplinina遗传多样性的影响。微卫星基因分型分析应用于来自阿根廷和葡萄牙（亚速尔群岛）的两个显着的C. zemplinina种群，这些种群与邻近的V. vinifera和Vitis labrusca葡萄园隔离。该研究还包括了一大批先前表征的，在世界范围内分离出的弯孢梭菌菌株。遗传分析证实地理定位显着影响了C. zemplinina的遗传多样性。没有记录到基于葡萄属种的遗传分化，这表明来自邻近的V. vinifera和V. labrusca葡萄园的C. zemplinina种群在遗传上是同质的。另外，在酒精发酵的初期，没有发现该年份对C. zemplinina种群高度多样化和均一的影响。总而言之，这些结果证实了与酿酒相关的因素（例如，年份，葡萄属物种和酒精发酵）不会影响C的遗传多样性。