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The population-attributable fraction for time-dependent exposures using dynamic prediction and landmarking
Biometrical Journal ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-19 , DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201800252
Maja von Cube 1, 2 , Martin Schumacher 1, 2 , Hein Putter 3 , Jéan-François Timsit 4, 5 , Cornelis van de Velde 6 , Martin Wolkewitz 1, 2
Affiliation  

The public health impact of a harmful exposure can be quantified by the population-attributable fraction (PAF). The PAF describes the attributable risk due to an exposure and is often interpreted as the proportion of preventable cases if the exposure was extinct. Difficulties in the definition and interpretation of the PAF arise when the exposure of interest depends on time. Then, the definition of exposed and unexposed individuals is not straightforward. We propose dynamic prediction and landmarking to define and estimate a PAF in this data situation. Two estimands are discussed which are based on two hypothetical interventions that could prevent the exposure in different ways. Considering the first estimand, at each landmark the estimation problem is reduced to a time-independent setting. Then, estimation is simply performed by using a generalized-linear model accounting for the current exposure state and further (time-varying) covariates. The second estimand is based on counterfactual outcomes, estimation can be performed using pseudo-values or inverse-probability weights. The approach is explored in a simulation study and applied on two data examples. First, we study a large French database of intensive care unit patients to estimate the population-benefit of a pathogen-specific intervention that could prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, we quantify the population-attributable burden of locoregional and distant recurrence in breast cancer patients.

中文翻译:

使用动态预测和界标的时间相关暴露的人口归因分数

有害暴露对公共健康的影响可以通过人口归因分数 (PAF) 进行量化。PAF 描述了由于暴露引起的可归因风险,并且通常被解释为暴露已灭绝时可预防病例的比例。当感兴趣的暴露取决于时间时,PAF 的定义和解释就会出现困难。那么,暴露和未暴露个体的定义并不简单。我们提出动态预测和地标来定义和估计这种数据情况下的 PAF。讨论了两个估计值,它们基于可以以不同方式防止暴露的两种假设干预措施。考虑到第一个估计量,在每个地标处,估计问题都被简化为与时间无关的设置。然后,通过使用考虑当前暴露状态和进一步(随时间变化的)协变量的广义线性模型来简单地执行估计。第二个估计基于反事实结果,可以使用伪值或逆概率权重进行估计。该方法在模拟研究中进行了探索,并应用于两个数据示例。首先,我们研究了法国重症监护病房患者的大型数据库,以估计病原体特异性干预措施的人群益处,该干预措施可以预防由病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎。此外,我们量化了乳腺癌患者局部和远处复发的人群归因负担。第二个估计基于反事实结果,可以使用伪值或逆概率权重进行估计。该方法在模拟研究中进行了探索,并应用于两个数据示例。首先,我们研究了法国重症监护病房患者的大型数据库,以估计病原体特异性干预措施的人群益处,该干预措施可以预防由病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎。此外,我们量化了乳腺癌患者局部和远处复发的人群归因负担。第二个估计基于反事实结果,可以使用伪值或逆概率权重进行估计。该方法在模拟研究中进行了探索,并应用于两个数据示例。首先,我们研究了法国重症监护病房患者的大型数据库,以估计病原体特异性干预措施的人群益处,该干预措施可以预防由病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎。此外,我们量化了乳腺癌患者局部和远处复发的人群归因负担。我们研究了法国重症监护病房患者的大型数据库,以估计病原体特异性干预措施的人群益处,该干预措施可以预防由病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎。此外,我们量化了乳腺癌患者局部和远处复发的人群归因负担。我们研究了法国重症监护病房患者的大型数据库,以估计病原体特异性干预措施的人群益处,该干预措施可以预防由病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎。此外,我们量化了乳腺癌患者局部和远处复发的人群归因负担。
更新日期:2019-06-19
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