Introduction: Determination of RhD variants in blood donors, pregnant women, and newborns is important for transfusion strategies, in order to prevent RhD alloimmunisation and hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns. Implementation of molecular RHD typing in two transfusion institutes is presented in this article, from Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Belgrade (Serbia). Study Design and Methods: Blood donors’ RhD was checked by direct agglutination assays (tube) and indirect antiglobulin test (gel). Molecular RHD typing was performed by PCR-SSP with fluorometric signal detection in both centres. Donors were selected by weak RhD serological reactivity (Banja Luka, 85 samples; Belgrade, 62 samples) or serologically RhD-negative C/E-positive results (Banja Luka, 92 samples; Belgrade, 61 samples). Results: Among serologically determined weak D donors from the institute from Banja Luka, weak D type 3 was the most frequent (58.8%), followed by type 1 (35.3%) and DNB (1.2%), whereas results obtained at the Belgrade institute were distributed between weak D type 1 (41.9%), type 3 (30.7%), type 14 (6.5%), type 15 (1.6%), and DNB with anti-D (1.6%). In 17.7% of serologically typed weak D samples from the Belgrade institute, the molecular typing result was standard D. Additionally, RHD presence was detected in 9.8% of serologically RhD-negative, C/E-positive samples from both institutes. Conclusion: Rh molecular testing was successfully implemented in both blood transfusion institutes in Banja Luka and Belgrade. This study proved the efficiency of serological algorithms for weak D, as well as the presence of the RHD gene among serologically tested RhD-negative, C/E-positive samples.

中文翻译：

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在东南欧的两家输血机构实施分子 RHD 分型

简介： 测定献血者、孕妇和新生儿中的 RhD 变异体对于输血策略很重要，以预防胎儿和新生儿的 RhD 同种异体免疫和溶血性疾病。本文介绍了在巴尼亚卢卡（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）和贝尔格莱德（塞尔维亚）的两个输血机构实施分子 RHD 分型。研究设计和方法：通过直接凝集试验（试管）和间接抗球蛋白试验（凝胶）检查献血者的 RhD。通过 PCR-SSP 进行分子 RHD 分型，在两个中心进行荧光信号检测。通过弱 RhD 血清学反应（Banja Luka，85 个样本；贝尔格莱德，62 个样本）或血清学 RhD 阴性 C/E 阳性结果（Banja Luka，92 个样本；贝尔格莱德，61 个样本）选择供体。结果：在来自巴尼亚卢卡研究所的血清学确定的弱 D 供体中，3 型弱 D 最常见（58.8%），其次是 1 型（35.3%）和 DNB（1.2%），而在贝尔格莱德研究所获得的结果是分布的弱 D 型 1 (41.9%)、3 型 (30.7%)、14 型 (6.5%)、15 型 (1.6%) 和带有抗 D 的 DNB (1.6%)。在贝尔格莱德研究所 17.7% 的血清学分型弱 D 样本中，分子分型结果为标准 D。此外，在两个研究所的 9.8% 的血清学 RhD 阴性、C/E 阳性样本中检测到 RHD 存在。结论：Rh 分子检测已在巴尼亚卢卡和贝尔格莱德的两个输血机构成功实施。本研究证明了弱 D 血清学算法的有效性，