Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a significant health issue worldwide. Many studies support the hypothesis that patients with T2DM have a higher-than-expected incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than individuals without diabetes. Based on the results from recent studies, MCI might be associated with the effects of T2DM on glucose metabolism and brain atrophy. As a narrative review, we will illuminate pathological and cognitive changes in patients with T2DM and comorbid MCI and protective hypoglycemic therapies. The early abnormal signs of cognition must be elucidated, and extensive investigations are needed to develop improved therapies for use in the clinic.

中文翻译：

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2 型糖尿病合并 MCI 和保护性降血糖治疗患者的病理和认知变化：叙述性综述

2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 正在成为全球重要的健康问题。许多研究支持这样的假设，即 T2DM 患者的轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 发病率高于未患糖尿病的个体。根据最近的研究结果，MCI 可能与 T2DM 对葡萄糖代谢和脑萎缩的影响有关。作为叙述性回顾，我们将阐明 T2DM 和合并 MCI 和保护性降血糖治疗患者的病理和认知变化。必须阐明认知的早期异常迹象，并且需要进行广泛的调查以开发用于临床的改进疗法。