The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body, consuming high levels of oxygen and nutrients. A well-organized ocular vascular system adapts to meet the metabolic requirements of the retina to ensure visual function. Pathological conditions affect growth of the blood vessels in the eye. Understanding the neuronal biological processes that govern retinal vascular development is of interest for translational researchers and clinicians to develop preventive and interventional therapeutics for vascular eye diseases that address early drivers of abnormal vascular growth. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular and molecular processes governing both physiological and pathological retinal vascular development, which is dependent on the interaction among retinal cell populations, including neurons, glia, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells. We also review animal models currently used for studying retinal vascular development.

中文翻译：

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视网膜血管在发育和疾病中的作用。

视网膜是人体中代谢最活跃的组织之一，消耗大量的氧气和营养。组织良好的眼血管系统可以满足视网膜的代谢要求，以确保视觉功能。病理状况影响眼睛中血管的生长。对于转化研究人员和临床医生来说，了解支配视网膜血管发育的神经元生物学过程对于开发针对血管眼疾病的预防性和介入性治疗方法感兴趣，这些疾病可解决异常血管生长的早期驱动因素。这篇评论总结了目前控制生理和病理性视网膜血管发育的细胞和分子过程的当前知识，这取决于视网膜细胞群体（包括神经元，神经胶质细胞，免疫细胞和血管内皮细胞。我们还将审查当前用于研究视网膜血管发育的动物模型。