This article examines the effects of socioeconomic position and urban–rural settlement on the distribution of out-of-pocket expenditure (OPE) for health in the Russian Federation. Data comes from 2005 to 2016 waves of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Concentration index reflects changes in the distribution of OPE between the worse-off and the better-off Russians over a 12-year period. Finally, unconditional quantile regression—a recentred influence function approach estimates differential impacts of covariates along the distribution of OPE. OPE is concentrated amongst the better-off Russians in 2016. Urban settlements contribute to top end OPE distribution for the richest and town settlements, at the median for the richest and the poorest. Our model for the analysis is unique in the context of study population, as it marginalises the effect over the distributions of other covariates used in the model.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯联邦自付医疗保健支出的分配公平性。

本文研究了俄罗斯联邦社会经济地位和城乡住区对健康自付费用（OPE）分配的影响。数据来自2005年至2016年的俄罗斯纵向监测调查浪潮。浓度指数反映了在12年期间，最贫穷国家和最富裕俄罗斯人之间OPE的分布变化。最后，无条件的分位数回归-一种最近影响函数方法估计沿OPE分布的协变量的不同影响。OPE在2016年集中在富裕的俄罗斯人中。城市住区为最富有和城镇居民区的OPE分配提供了最高点，在最富有和最贫穷的人群中位。我们的分析模型在研究人群的背景下是独一无二的，