Femoral neck nonunion in young patients has always been a difficult problem to deal with for surgeons. Numerous surgical procedures to address either the biological or mechanical issues at the nonunion have been described and most of them have been associated with variable results. Isolated biological augmentation is often associated with poor results and some techniques like vascularized grafting may require not so commonly available expertise. Valgus osteotomy is aimed to correct the abnormal fracture biomechanics associated with femoral neck fractures. By altering the nature of force transmission across the nonunion, shear forces are converted into compressive forces that lead to rapid osseous union without the need for bone grafting. Though the principles are sound and were described a long time ago, the technical aspects have evolved over time. Various modifications have been described to overcome shortcomings such as limb length discrepancy, reduction of femoral offset, alteration in mechanical axis, and the overall proximal femur anatomy. In this review, we look back at the fundamental principles and recent literature on the results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for femoral neck pseudoarthrosis. We also highlight the important need for accurate preoperative planning and surgical execution. Lastly, we elaborate on the technical improvisations that have happened over time in order to improve functional results and to minimize complications and poor outcome after a valgus osteotomy.

中文翻译：

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股骨颈假性关节炎的股骨转子粗隆间截骨术：经受住时间考验的复杂问题的简单解决方案。

年轻患者的股骨颈不愈合一直是外科医生难以解决的问题。已经描述了用于解决骨不连的生物学或机械问题的许多外科手术程序，其中大多数已与可变的结果相关联。孤立的生物增强通常会导致不良结果，某些技术（如血管移植）可能不需要那么普遍的专业知识。外翻截骨术旨在纠正与股骨颈骨折相关的异常骨折生物力学。通过改变跨骨联合的力传递的性质，剪切力被转换为压缩力，从而导致快速骨结合，而无需植骨。尽管这些原则是合理的，并且早已被描述过了，技术方面已经随着时间而发展。已经描述了各种修改以克服诸如肢体长度差异，股骨偏移减少，机械轴改变以及整个股骨近端解剖结构的缺点。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了股骨颈假关节外翻粗隆间截骨术的基本原理和最新文献。我们还强调了准确的术前计划和手术执行的重要需求。最后，我们详细介绍随着时间的推移发生的技术改进，以改善功能效果并最大程度地减少外翻截骨术后的并发症和不良结局。机械轴的改变，以及股骨近端的整体解剖。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了股骨颈假关节外翻粗隆间截骨术的基本原理和最新文献。我们还强调了准确的术前计划和手术执行的重要需求。最后，我们详细介绍随着时间的推移发生的技术改进，以改善功能效果并最大程度地减少外翻截骨术后的并发症和不良结局。机械轴的改变，以及股骨近端的整体解剖。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了股骨颈假关节外翻粗隆间截骨术的基本原理和最新文献。我们还强调了准确的术前计划和手术执行的重要需求。最后，我们详细介绍随着时间的推移发生的技术改进，以改善功能效果并最大程度地减少外翻截骨术后的并发症和不良结局。