Gall formation is associated with multiple changes in plant cells, which still requires a better understanding. In this study, galls caused by sexual generation (♀♂) ofNeuroterus quercusbaccarum(L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oak trees (Quercus roburL.) were used as a model. Cytoplasmic membrane condition, concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activity of antioxidant enzymes and amino acid decarboxylase as well as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in foliar tissues with galls and gall tissues themselves and compared to control. The presence of galls on oak leaves caused an increase of lipid peroxidation level. A significant decline in H2O2and TBARS content with the reduction of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed in gall tissues. The activity amino acid decarboxylase, i.e., LDC, ODC and TyDC varied between samples, which may affect the content of amino acids. The presence ofN. quercusbaccarumgalls caused an insignificant increase of the chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanin contents, while the content of pigments and their ratios in gall tissues was extremely low. Moreover, photosynthetic parameters (F0,Fm,Fv/Fm,Y,qP) were significantly decreased. Data generated in this study indicate that the development ofN. quercusbaccarumgalls on pedunculate oak leaves has a negative effect on host plant related to the disruption of cell membrane integrity, disturbance of photosynthesis and reduction of the antioxidant potential of the host plant.

中文翻译：

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Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) 瘿对栎叶生理生化反应的影响

瘿的形成与植物细胞的多种变化有关，这仍然需要更好的理解。在这项研究中，由性产生（♀♂）引起的瘿栎树栎(L.) (膜翅目: Cynipidae) 在有花序的橡树上 (栎木L.) 被用作模型。细胞质膜条件，过氧化氢浓度（H2○2)，测定了抗氧化酶和氨基酸脱羧酶的活性以及叶绿素荧光参数。在有瘿和瘿组织本身的叶组织中分析生理和生化参数的变化，并与对照进行比较。橡树叶上的虫瘿导致脂质过氧化水平增加。H显着下降2○2在胆汁组织中观察到随着愈创木酚过氧化物酶 (GPX) 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX) 活性降低的 TBARS 含量。氨基酸脱羧酶的活性，即LDC、ODC和TyDC因样品而异，这可能会影响氨基酸的含量。的存在N. quercusbaccarum虫瘿引起叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素含量的增加不明显，而色素含量及其在胆汁组织中的比例极低。此外，光合参数（F0,F米,Fv/F米,是,q磷) 显着减少。本研究产生的数据表明，N. quercusbaccarum有花梗的橡树叶上的虫瘿对宿主植物有负面影响，与细胞膜完整性的破坏、光合作用的干扰和宿主植物的抗氧化能力降低有关。