Several experimental and theoretical studies have extensively investigated the effects of a large diversity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on model lipid bilayers and living cells. Many of these peptides disturb cells by forming pores in the plasma membrane that eventually lead to the cell death. The complexity of these peptide-lipid interactions is mainly related to electrostatic, hydrophobic and topological issues of these counterparts. Diverse studies have shed some light on how AMPs act on lipid bilayers composed by different phospholipids, and how mechanical properties of membranes could affect the antimicrobial effects of such compounds. On the other hand, cyclic lipopeptides (cLPs), an important class of microbial secondary metabolites, have received comparatively less attention. Due to their amphipathic structures, cLPs exhibit interesting biological activities including interactions with biofilms, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, and anti-tumoral properties, which deserve more investigation. Understanding how physicochemical properties of lipid bilayers contribute and determining the antagonistic activity of these secondary metabolites over a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens could establish a framework to design and select effective strategies of biological control. This implies unravelling-at the biophysical level-the complex interactions established between cLPs and lipid bilayers. This review presents, in a systematic manner, the diversity of lipidated antibiotics produced by different microorganisms, with a critical analysis of the perturbing actions that have been reported in the literature for this specific set of membrane-active lipopeptides during their interactions with model membranes and in vivo. With an overview on the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers that can be experimentally determined, we also discuss which parameters are relevant in the understanding of those perturbation effects. Finally, we expose in brief, how this knowledge can help to design novel strategies to use these biosurfactants in the agronomic and pharmaceutical industries.

中文翻译：

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脂质组成，理化相互作用和膜力学在微生物环脂肽分子作用中的作用。

几项实验和理论研究已广泛研究了多种抗菌肽（AMPs）对模型脂质双层和活细胞的影响。这些肽中的许多通过在质膜上形成孔而最终导致细胞死亡而干扰细胞。这些肽-脂质相互作用的复杂性主要与这些对应物的静电，疏水和拓扑问题有关。各种研究揭示了AMPs如何作用于由不同磷脂组成的脂质双层上，以及膜的机械性能如何影响此类化合物的抗菌作用。另一方面，环脂肽（cLPs）是一类重要的微生物次生代谢产物，受到的关注相对较少。由于其两亲结构，cLPs表现出有趣的生物学活性，包括与生物膜的相互作用，抗菌，抗真菌，抗病毒和抗肿瘤特性，值得进一步研究。了解脂质双层的理化特性如何起作用并确定这些次级代谢产物对广泛的微生物病原体的拮抗活性可以为设计和选择有效的生物防治策略建立框架。这意味着在生物物理水平上揭示cLP和脂质双层之间建立的复杂相互作用。这篇综述以系统的方式介绍了由不同微生物产生的脂化抗生素的多样性，对文献中针对这种特定的膜活性脂肽在与模型膜和体内相互作用过程中的扰动作用进行了严格的分析。概述了可以通过实验确定的脂质双层的机械性能，我们还讨论了哪些参数与理解这些干扰效应有关。最后，我们简要介绍了这些知识如何帮助设计在农业和制药行业中使用这些生物表面活性剂的新颖策略。