Peanut allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms varying from mild to severe anaphylaxis, tends to be lifelong and very few are able to outgrow this allergy. The prevalence of peanut allergy is highest among the Western countries and over the past decade, a 3.5 fold increase in prevalence of peanut allergy was reported among children in the United States. Increasing prevalence has also been observed among the Asian countries. As with other food allergies, peanut allergy reduces quality of life for the affected individuals and the social and economy burden of healthcare for peanut allergy is substantial. To date, there is no effective treatment for peanut allergy and disease management is by avoidance or relieve of symptoms via administration of epinephrine. Peanut allergy is a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction due to specific IgE production by activated T-helper type 2 (T_H2) cells. Studies on various immunotherapy routes such as oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy trials using peanut have shown the ability to induce desensitisation, shifting the allergen-specific cytokine production away from a T_H2 respond. In the recent years, lactic acid bacteria probiotics have been reported to down-regulate allergy due to its inherent immunomodulatory properties. Wild-type probiotic in combination with peanut proteins or recombinant probiotics harbouring peanut allergens have been explored for OIT due to its ability to down-regulate allergen-specific-IgE production and the T_H2 responses, while increasing the beneficiary population of T_H1 regulatory T cells (T_reg). This review discusses the current strategies in immunotherapy for peanut allergy.

花生过敏是一种超敏反应，症状从轻度到严重过敏反应不等，往往是终身的，很少有人能够摆脱这种过敏。花生过敏症的患病率在西方国家中最高，在过去十年中，据报道美国儿童花生过敏症的患病率增加了3.5倍。在亚洲国家中也发现患病率上升。与其他食物过敏一样，花生过敏会降低受影响个体的生活质量，花生过敏的医疗保健社会和经济负担也很大。迄今为止，还没有有效的花生过敏治疗方法，通过肾上腺素的使用可以避免或减轻症状，从而控制疾病。_H 2）细胞。对各种免疫疗法途径的研究，例如口服免疫疗法（OIT），舌下免疫疗法和使用花生的表皮免疫疗法试验，显示了诱导脱敏的能力，从而使过敏原特异性细胞因子的产生从T _H 2反应转移。近年来，据报道乳酸菌益生菌由于其固有的免疫调节特性而下调过敏。已开发出将野生型益生菌与花生蛋白或包含花生过敏原的重组益生菌结合用于OIT的方法，因为它具有下调过敏原特异性IgE产生和T _H 2反应的能力，同时增加了T _H 1的受益人群。调节性T细胞（T _reg）。这篇文章讨论了花生过敏免疫治疗的当前策略。