Bromide (Br-) is a bromine atom with a negative charge which is released mainly in the production of pesticides and flame retardants. It is also found naturally in seawater. Br¯ has been associated with many detrimental effects such as respiratory problems, gastric hemorrhages, and dermal burns. The aim of the study was to monitor serum bromide in humans and to correlate its level with genotoxicity and apoptosis in human. The study utilized comet assay, to measure DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes (i.e. T%DNA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine fortilin level as an apoptosis marker, and spectrophotometry to measure serum Br¯ in two populations at the Dead Sea area, which are located close to and far from a local bromine factory: Ghor As-safi and Deir Alla, respectively. The biomarkers were compared with the correlating serum Br¯. A total of 397 individuals were involved in the study. The serum Br- and the genotoxicity biomarker were significantly higher (p <  0.001) in Ghor As-safi than in Deir Alla. In contrast, serum fortilin did not differ significantly between the two regions (p >  0.05). T%DNA was significantly correlated (r = 0.867, p <  0.01) to serum Br¯. In conclusion, residing near a bromide source site is increasing the bromide body burden, and enhancing genotoxicity with no detectible apoptosis. Furthermore, the selected biomarkers could serve as tools to assess the toxicity of bromide as a consequence of environmental exposure.

中文翻译：

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人类在死海地区对溴化物的环境暴露：遗传毒性和凋亡生物标记物的测量。

溴化物（Br-）是带负电荷的溴原子，主要在农药和阻燃剂的生产中释放。它也天然存在于海水中。Br与呼吸道疾病，胃出血和皮肤灼伤等许多有害影响有关。该研究的目的是监测人类的血清溴化物，并将其水平与人类的遗传毒性和细胞凋亡相关联。该研究利用彗星测定法测量外周血白细胞的DNA损伤（即T％DNA），酶联免疫吸附测定法确定作为细胞凋亡标志物的Fortilin水平，分光光度法测定死海两个种群的血清Br地区，分别靠近和远离当地的溴工厂：Ghor As-safi和Deir Alla。将生物标志物与相关血清Br进行比较。共有397个人参与了这项研究。Ghor As-safi的血清Br-和遗传毒性生物标志物显着高于Deir Alla（p <0.001）。相比之下，两个区域之间的血清福尔汀含量没有显着差异（p> 0.05）。T％DNA与血清Br显着相关（r = 0.867，p <0.01）。总之，居住在溴化物源部位附近会增加溴化物的身体负担，并增强遗传毒性，而没有可检测的凋亡。此外，选定的生物标记物可以用作评估由于环境暴露而导致的溴化物毒性的工具。001）在Ghor As-safi中比在Deir Alla中高。相比之下，两个区域之间的血清福尔汀含量没有显着差异（p> 0.05）。T％DNA与血清Br显着相关（r = 0.867，p <0.01）。总之，居住在溴化物源位置附近会增加溴化物的身体负担，并在没有可检测的凋亡的情况下增强遗传毒性。此外，选定的生物标记物可以用作评估由于环境暴露而导致的溴化物毒性的工具。001）在Ghor As-safi中比在Deir Alla中高。相比之下，两个区域之间的血清福尔马林没有显着差异（p> 0.05）。T％DNA与血清Br显着相关（r = 0.867，p <0.01）。总之，居住在溴化物源位置附近会增加溴化物的身体负担，并在没有可检测的凋亡的情况下增强遗传毒性。此外，选定的生物标记物可以用作评估由于环境暴露而导致的溴化物毒性的工具。