Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a diet with high contents of cruciferous vegetables (which belong to the Brassicaceae family) may reduce the incidence of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, some authors have postulated that they might bring about toxic effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic administration of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket), a species found in Argentina, concerning its putative genotoxicity or antigenotoxicity against the DNA damage inducer cyclophosphamide, and its ability to modulate the hepatic expression of ABC efflux transporters on mice. The alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus test were used as genotoxicity biomarkers, and the ABC transporter expression was analyzed by Western-blotting. D. tenuifolia juice exhibited no genotoxicity in any of the three tested doses (p > 0.05), showing instead a protective effect against genotoxic damage induced by cyclophosphamide (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent behavior. Furthermore, hepatic expression of ABCB1 remained unchanged in both sexes at every dose, whereas ABCG2 expression increased in females (p < 0.05) and males (p < 0.01) at the highest dose. Regarding ABCC2, sex-related differences were observed (p < 0.05), its expression decreasing in females (p < 0.05) and increasing in males (p < 0.05). The modulation of these transporters may contribute to the antigenotoxic effects of D. tenuifolia since they act as universal detoxifiers, excreting xenobiotics to the cellular exterior. Phytochemicals present in the juice such as glucosinolates, quercetin and kaempherol may be responsible for these beneficial effects.

中文翻译：

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Diplotaxis tenuifolia对环磷酰胺诱导的DNA损伤的体内抗原毒性活性：调节肝ABC外排转运蛋白的相关性。

几项流行病学研究表明，饮食中含有大量十字花科蔬菜（属于十字花科）的饮食可以减少癌症和神经退行性疾病的发病率。但是，一些作者推测它们可能带来毒性作用。因此，本研究的目的是评估长期施用Diplotaxis tenuifolia（野生火箭）的效果，该物种在阿根廷发现，涉及其对DNA损伤诱导剂环磷酰胺的推定遗传毒性或抗原毒性，以及其调节肝表达的能力对小鼠的ABC外排转运蛋白。碱性彗星试验和微核试验被用作遗传毒性生物标志物，ABC转运蛋白表达通过蛋白质印迹法进行分析。D．Tenuifolia汁在三种测试剂量中均未显示出遗传毒性（p> 0.05），而是显示出剂量依赖性行为对环磷酰胺诱导的遗传毒性损害的保护作用（p <0.001）。此外，在每个剂量下，男女的肝表达ABCB1均保持不变，而在最高剂量下，雌性（p <0.05）和雄性（p <0.01）的ABCG2表达增加。关于ABCC2，观察到性别相关的差异（p <0.05），其表达在女性中降低（p <0.05），在男性中升高（p <0.05）。这些转运蛋白的调节作用可能有助于粉刺线虫的抗原毒性作用，因为它们起着通用排毒剂的作用，将异生物素排泄到细胞外部。果汁中存在的植物化学物质，如芥子油苷，