Nickel-based nanoparticles (NPs) are new products with an increasing number of industrial applications that were developed in recent years. NiO NPs are present in several nanotechnological industrial products, and the characterization of their genotoxic potential is essential. The present study assessed the genotoxicity of NiO NPs in vivo and in vitro using the somatic mutation and recombination test in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster (SMART), the cytokinesis - block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and the comet assay in a V79 cell line. The NiO NPs used in this study were about 30 nm in mean size. Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to 5 mL of five different concentrations (1.31, 2.62, 5.25, 10.5, and 21 mg/mL) of NiO NPs. In turn, V79 cells were treated with a concentration range of 15-2000 μg/mL NiO NPs. The SMART showed that all concentrations of NiO NPs are genotoxic to the standart (ST) cross when compared to the negative control. On the other hand, only the highest concentration (21 mg/mL) was genotoxic to the HB cross. Somatic recombination was the preferential mechanism lesions were induced in D. melanogaster. The results show that NiO NPs were mutagenic to V79 cells as assessed by the CBMN assay. Significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) were observed using the highest NiO NP concentrations (250 and 500 μg/mL) in the 4- and 24-h treatments, but when 125 μg/mL NiO NPs was used, such difference was observed only in the 4-h exposure time. The comet assay revealed that 62, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL NiO NPs induced a significant increase in DNA damage. The results observed in this study indicate that NiO NPs are genotoxic and mutagenic in vitro and in vivo.

中文翻译：

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在体外和体内评价氧化镍纳米粒子的遗传毒性。

镍基纳米颗粒（NPs）是近年来开发的具有越来越多的工业应用的新产品。NiO NP存在于多种纳米技术工业产品中，其遗传毒性潜力的表征至关重要。本研究使用果蝇果蝇（SMART）的体细胞突变和重组测试，胞质分裂微核试验（CBMN）和V79细胞系中的彗星试验评估了NiO NP在体内和体外的遗传毒性。 。本研究中使用的NiO NP的平均大小约为30 nm。果蝇的幼虫暴露于5 mL五种不同浓度（1.31、2.62、5.25、10.5和21 mg / mL）的NiO NPs。反过来，用15-2000μg/ mL NiO NPs的浓度范围处理V79细胞。SMART表明，与阴性对照相比，所有浓度的NiO NPs对标准（ST）杂交均具有遗传毒性。另一方面，只有最高浓度（21 mg / mL）对HB交叉有遗传毒性。体细胞重组是D. melanogaster诱发损伤的主要机制。结果显示，通过CBMN分析评估，NiO NPs对V79细胞具有致突变性。在4小时和24小时处理中，使用最高的NiO NP浓度（250和500μg/ mL）观察到微核（MN）的频率存在显着差异，但是当使用125μg/ mL的NiO NP时，这种差异是仅在4小时的曝光时间内观察到。彗星试验显示62、125、250和500μg/ mL NiO NP引起DNA损伤的显着增加。