Diseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) are a major public health problem worldwide, considered one of the infections with more prevalence in tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Despite the intense research in the pathogenesis of DENV, this feature is not well understood. One of the main target cells for DENV infection is monocytes; these phagocytes can play a dual role, since they are essential to control viremia, but they also participate in the induction of tissue damage during DENV infection. Monocytes produce different pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to infection, and also mediate endothelial damage. In peripheral blood, monocytes can be divided into three different subpopulations, namely classical, intermediate and non-classical, which differ in frequency, cytokine production, among others. Studies in the last years suggest that non-classical monocytes have higher affinity for microvasculature endothelium compared to other type of monocytes, which implies that they could be more involved in the increase of endothelial permeability observed during DENV infection. This review provides a general view of the role of monocytes and their subpopulations in DENV pathogenesis and its effect in viral replication. Finally, the potential contribution of these phagocytes in the alterations of endothelial permeability is discussed.

中文翻译：

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单核细胞在登革热发病机理中的作用。

登革热病毒（DENV）引起的疾病是全球范围内的主要公共卫生问题，被认为是世界热带和亚热带地区感染率最高的一种感染。尽管在DENV的发病机理方面进行了深入研究，但这一特征尚未得到很好的理解。DENV感染的主要靶细胞之一是单核细胞。这些吞噬细胞可以起双重作用，因为它们是控制病毒血症必不可少的，但它们也参与DENV感染期间组织损伤的诱导。单核细胞响应感染产生不同的促炎细胞因子和趋化因子，并介导内皮损伤。在外周血中，单核细胞可分为三个不同的亚群，即经典，中间和非经典，其频率，细胞因子产生等不同。近年来的研究表明，与其他类型的单核细胞相比，非经典单核细胞对微血管内皮的亲和力更高，这表明它们可能更多地参与了DENV感染期间观察到的内皮通透性的增加。这篇综述提供了单核细胞及其亚群在DENV发病机理中的作用及其在病毒复制中的作用的一般观点。最后，讨论了这些吞噬细胞在内皮通透性改变中的潜在作用。这篇综述提供了单核细胞及其亚群在DENV发病机理中的作用及其在病毒复制中的作用的一般观点。最后，讨论了这些吞噬细胞在内皮通透性改变中的潜在作用。这篇综述提供了单核细胞及其亚群在DENV发病机理中的作用及其在病毒复制中的作用的一般观点。最后，讨论了这些吞噬细胞在内皮通透性改变中的潜在作用。