Time-series analysis of whole-genome expression data during Drosophila melanogaster development indicates that up to 86% of its genes change their relative transcript level during embryogenesis. By applying conservative filtering criteria and requiring 'sharp' transcript changes, we identified 1534 maternal genes, 792 transient zygotic genes, and 1053 genes whose transcript levels increase during embryogenesis. Each of these three categories is dominated by groups of genes where all transcript levels increase and/or decrease at similar times, suggesting a common mode of regulation. For example, 34% of the transiently expressed genes fall into three groups, with increased transcript levels between 2.5-12, 11-20, and 15-20 h of development, respectively. We highlight common and distinctive functional features of these expression groups and identify a coupling between downregulation of transcript levels and targeted protein degradation. By mapping the groups to the protein network, we also predict and experimentally confirm new functional associations.

中文翻译：

---

果蝇胚胎发生过程中严格调控的基因组的鉴定。

果蝇发育过程中全基因组表达数据的时间序列分析表明，高达86％的其基因在胚胎发生过程中会改变其相对转录水平。通过应用保守的筛选标准并要求“清晰”的转录本变化，我们鉴定了1534个母体基因，792个瞬时合子基因和1053个在胚发生过程中转录水平增加的基因。这三个类别中的每一个都由基因组控制，在这些基因组中，所有转录物水平在相似的时间增加和/或减少，这表明了一种通用的调控方式。例如，瞬时表达的基因中有34％分为三类，分别在发育的2.5-12、11-20和15-20小时之间具有增加的转录水平。我们强调这些表达组的共同和独特的功能特征，并确定转录水平下调与目标蛋白降解之间的耦合。通过将组映射到蛋白质网络，我们还预测并实验确定了新的功能关联。