The goliath frog (Conraua goliath) is an Endangered species exclusively found in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Climate change, deforestation and overhunting are principal causes driving this species to extinction. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of this species is necessary to improve conservation efforts. Here we used two mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S) extracted from 54 C. goliath individuals from six localities in Cameroon to examine their genetic diversity. The result shows a low DNA substitution between the sequences. There were four 16S and two COI haplotypes in total. Overall, genetic diversity was very low for all the genes with nucleotide diversity of 0.00106 and 0.00007 for 16S and COI respectively. The Tajima D and Fu Fs statistics were negative. The TCS haplotype network revealed a predominant and ancestral haplotype (H1) for these genes which is distributed in the 6 populations. Pairwise genetic differentiation (F_ST) generated between these populations using 16S revealed very high differentiation between populations from Nkam and Mungo Administrative Divisions in Cameroon. In contrast, we observed low differentiation among the geographically clustered Mungo and Nkam populations. Overall, human activities and perhaps climate change can appear to have depleted genetic diversity in the scattered populations that remain of this amphibian. To sustain the Goliath frog, we suggest to the Cameroonian government to implement more effective strategies to conserve and manage remnant populations of this iconic species through more effort against poaching which contribute to reduce the genetic diversity.

巨人蛙（Conraua goliath）是仅在喀麦隆和赤道几内亚发现的一种濒危物种。气候变化，森林砍伐和过度捕捞是导致该物种灭绝的主要原因。因此，有必要更好地了解该物种的遗传多样性和种群结构，以改善保护工作。在这里，我们使用了从54 C. goliath提取的两个线粒体基因（细胞色素氧化酶亚基1（COI）和16S） 来自喀麦隆六个地区的人们检查他们的遗传多样性。结果显示序列之间的DNA取代低。共有四个16S和两个COI单倍型。总体而言，所有基因的遗传多样性都非常低，16S和COI的核苷酸多样性分别为0.00106和0.00007。Tajima D和Fu Fs的统计数据为负。TCS单倍型网络揭示了这些基因的主要和祖先单倍型（H1），分布在6个种群中。成对的遗传分化（˚F _ST使用16S在这些人群之间产生的）表明喀麦隆Nkam和Mungo行政区划的人群之间存在很高的差异。相反，我们观察到在地理上聚集的芒戈族和恩卡姆族之间的分化程度较低。总体而言，人类活动以及可能的气候变化似乎已经使两栖动物的剩余种群中的遗传多样性枯竭。为了维持巨人蛙，我们建议喀麦隆政府采取更有效的策略，通过加大反盗猎力度来保护和管理这一标志性物种的剩余种群，这有助于减少遗传多样性。