The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the source and upper reaches of many Asian rivers, are crisscrossed by rivers and dotted with lakes. Schizothoracinae fishes, species native to the QTP, are distributed widely through these rivers and lakes. Over the past decades, ecological protection has become increasingly intense. The rapid acquisition of the genetic information and accurate gene sequence database are assumed to play an important role in the conservation of species diversity and biodiversity. In this study, 153 COI sequences (648bp in length) covering 13 species in 8 genera of Schizothoracinae fishes in Qinghai Province were used to determine whether barcode could identify Schizothoracinae species accurately. The average Kimura two parameter (K2P) genetic distances within and among species were 0.35% and 8.83%, respectively. The maximum K2P distance within species was observed in Gymnocypris eckloni (1.36%) while minimum K2P distance among species was observed between Chuanchia labiosa and Schizopygopsis pylzovi (0.23%). Overlaps existed in K2P distance intra- and inter- species based on both the genes. Eleven groups with 9 single-species groups and 2 multi-species groups were identified through Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery System, which were consistent with the overlaps of K2P distance. 96.7% as the accurate ratio for COI barcode was calculated and high solution was observed in the phylogenetic trees based on COI gene and Cyt b gene. Except for the similar results based on two genes above, COI barcode was more economical than Cyt b gene. The SOM model successfully predicted characteristic-diagnostic sites at species level: 36 characteristic-diagnostic sites from eight species, in which 12 from Gmnodiptychus pachycgeilus, 2 from Platypharodon extremus, 7 from Ptychobarbus kaznakovi, 2 from Schizopygopsis anteroventris, 2 from Schizopygopsis malacanthus, 3 from Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi, 3 from Schizothorax dolichonema and 5 from Schizothorax lantsangensis. Our results show that Schizothoracinae fishes can be identified validly by using COI DNA barcode. Thirty-six characteristic-diagnostic sites were proposed to be applied into works of species identification for the Schizothoracinae fishes in Qinghai Province.

青藏高原（QTP）是许多亚洲河流的源头和上游，河流纵横交错，湖水点缀。QTP原生物种的裂殖壶菌科鱼类通过这些河流和湖泊广泛分布。在过去的几十年中，生态保护变得越来越激烈。假定快速获取遗传信息和准确的基因序列数据库在保护物种多样性和生物多样性方面起着重要作用。在这项研究中，153 COI用青海省8个裂殖壶菌属鱼类的13个物种的序列（长度为648bp），确定条形码是否能准确地识别裂殖壶菌属。物种内部和物种之间的平均木村两个参数（K2P）遗传距离分别为0.35％和8.83％。中观察到的物种内的最大距离K2P裸鲤鲤（1.36％），而之间观察到种间最小K2P距离被Chuanchia labiosa和黄河裸裂尻鱼（0.23％）。基于这两个基因，K2P距离种内和种间存在重叠。通过自动条形码间隙发现系统鉴定了11个种群，其中9个单物种种群和2个多物种种群，这与K2P距离的重叠是一致的。根据COI基因和Cyt b基因计算出的COI条码准确率达96.7％，在系统发育树中观察到较高的解。除了基于上述两个基因的相似结果外，COI条码比Cyt b基因更经济。SOM模型成功地预测了物种级别的特征诊断位点：来自8个物种的36个特征诊断位点，其中12个来自Gmnodiptychus pachycgeilus，2从Platypharodon extremus，7从Ptychobarbus kaznakovi，2个来自裂anteroventris，2个来自裂malacanthus，3从裂malacanthus chengi，3从长丝弓鱼和5从裂lantsangensis。我们的结果表明，通过使用COI DNA条码可以有效地鉴定裂殖壶菌科鱼类。拟将36个特征性诊断位点应用于青海省拟南芥属鱼类的物种鉴定。