In marine industries, the accumulation of organic matter and marine organisms on ship hulls and instruments limits performance, requiring frequent maintenance and increasing fuel costs. Current coatings technology to combat this biofouling relies heavily on the use of toxic, biocide-containing paints. These pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems, affecting both target and nontarget organisms. Innovation in the design of polymers offers an excellent platform for the development of alternatives, but the creation of a broad-spectrum, nontoxic material still poses quite a hurdle for researchers. Surface chemistry, physical properties, durability, and attachment scheme have been shown to play a vital role in the construction of a successful coating. This review explores why these characteristics are important and how recent research accounts for them in the design and synthesis of new environmentally benign antifouling and fouling release materials.

中文翻译：

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聚合物基海洋防污垢和污垢释放表面：合成和修饰策略。

在海洋工业中，有机物和海洋生物在船体和仪器上的积累限制了性能，需要经常维护并增加燃料成本。当前用于抵抗这种生物污垢的涂料技术在很大程度上依赖于使用有毒，含有杀生物剂的涂料。这些对海洋生态系统构成了严重威胁，影响了目标生物和非目标生物。聚合物设计的创新为替代品的开发提供了一个极好的平台，但广谱，无毒材料的创建仍然给研究人员带来很大的障碍。表面化学，物理性能，耐用性和附着方案已显示出对成功构建涂层的重要作用。