Many cancers possess an incorrect number of chromosomes, a state described as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is often caused by Chromosomal Instability (CIN), a process of continuous chromosome mis-segregation. CIN is believed to endow tumours with enhanced evolutionary capabilities due to increased intratumour heterogeneity, and facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies. Recently, however, additional consequences and associations with CIN have been revealed, prompting the need to understand this universal hallmark of cancer in a multifaceted context. This review is focused on the investigation of possible links between CIN, metastasis and the host immune system in cancer development and treatment. We specifically focus on these links since most cancer deaths are due to the consequences of metastasis, and immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding novel avenue of cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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染色体不稳定性（CIN）、转移、炎症和肿瘤免疫之间的新联系。


许多癌症拥有不正确的染色体数量，这种状态被称为非整倍体。非整倍体通常是由染色体不稳定性（CIN）引起的，这是一种持续染色体错误分离的过程。由于肿瘤内异质性增加，CIN被认为赋予肿瘤增强的进化能力，并促进对治疗的适应性抵抗。然而，最近，更多的后果和与 CIN 的关联被揭示，促使需要在多方面了解癌症的这一普遍特征。本综述的重点是调查 CIN、转移和宿主免疫系统在癌症发展和治疗中可能存在的联系。我们特别关注这些联系，因为大多数癌症死亡是由于转移的后果，而免疫疗法是一种快速扩展的癌症治疗新途径。