BackgroundLow vitamin D serum concentrations have been associated with rickets and other disorders in observational studies. Since vitamin D serum concentrations in children and adolescents are frequently below reference values, it is debated whether vitamin D should be supplemented after infancy.MethodsThe effects of vitamin D supplementation in children > 2 years of age are analyzed based on a literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsVitamin D supplementation can potentially reduce the risk for influenza infections and improve asthma bronchiale exacerbation; however, it has no impact on asthma bronchiale severity. Vitamin D supplementation has no relevant effect on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, cardiac failure, hypertension, or incidence of type II diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on the rate of multiple sclerosis relapses, but on the number of new lesions detected by MRI. For other endpoints, RCTs are lacking.ConclusionBased on currently available studies, routine vitamin D supplementation is not be recommended for children aged > 2 years, even when they have serum concentrations below reference values. Routine vitamin D supplementation is not recommended in children who do not have risk factors and chronic diseases which are associated with calcium or vitamin D resorption disorders.

中文翻译：

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出生第二年后补充维生素 D：营养委员会、德国儿科和青少年医学学会 (DGKJ eV) 和德国儿科内分泌和糖尿病学会 (DGKED eV) 的联合立场

背景在观察性研究中，低维生素 D 血清浓度与佝偻病和其他疾病有关。由于儿童和青少年的维生素 D 血清浓度经常低于参考值，因此婴儿期后是否应该补充维生素 D 存在争议。方法基于随机对照文献回顾分析了 2 岁以上儿童补充维生素 D 的影响。试验 (RCTs)。结果维生素 D 补充剂可以潜在地降低流感感染的风险并改善哮喘支气管恶化；然而，它对支气管哮喘的严重程度没有影响。补充维生素 D 对注意力缺陷/多动障碍、心力衰竭、高血压或 II 型糖尿病的发病率没有相关影响。补充维生素 D 对多发性硬化症的复发率没有影响，但对 MRI 检测到的新病变数量有影响。对于其他终点，缺乏随机对照试验。结论根据现有研究，不建议 2 岁以上儿童常规补充维生素 D，即使他们的血清浓度低于参考值。对于没有风险因素和与钙或维生素 D 吸收障碍相关的慢性疾病的儿童，不建议常规补充维生素 D。即使他们的血清浓度低于参考值。对于没有风险因素和与钙或维生素 D 吸收障碍相关的慢性疾病的儿童，不建议常规补充维生素 D。即使他们的血清浓度低于参考值。对于没有风险因素和与钙或维生素 D 吸收障碍相关的慢性疾病的儿童，不建议常规补充维生素 D。